The Only Adjustable Focus Reading Glasses offers a greater degree of flexibility

adjustable-focus-glassesSome of us loathe to wear glasses because we think that it would make us look silly, while others do not mind having having prescription glasses on as it helps us see things with greater clarity. Others instead will opt for a pair of contact lenses that does have its fair share of advantages as well as flip side to it. The thing is, a pair of prescription glasses works great in the beginning, but over time, most of us do suffer from a deterioration in our eyesight, and that would mean making yet another trip to the optometrist to get our eyes checked out. If only there was a pair of glasses that could be adjusted accordingly, now that would be swell.

The $99.95 Adjustable Focus Reading Glasses does answer this particular clarion call perfectly, as it is touted to be the only pair of reading glasses that will adjust the focus of each lens thanks to a simple turn of a dial. Thanks to the clever use of patented fluid-injection technology that has been specially developed by a physicist at Oxford, the lenses comprise of an elastic membrane that is held between rigid polycarbonate plates. Whenever the dial on either side of the frame is turned, the elastic membrane will bow inwards or outwards, subtly changing the prescription from -4.5 diopters to +3.5 diopters. This means users are able to adjust each lens independently, and should your vision change, you can simply give the side dials another twist. Fashionistas might think twice though, although you can choose from black or brown tortoiseshell shades. This pair won’t help you read in the dark light the LED Reading Glasses though.
[ The Only Adjustable Focus Reading Glasses offers a greater degree of flexibility copyright by Coolest Gadgets ]

Knife-Wielding Man Robs Aussie Teens Of Krispy Kreme Doughnuts

Most thieves steal money, jewels, or cars, but a knife-wielding thug in Adelaide, Australia, is interested in a far less valuable commodity: Krispy Kreme doughnuts.

Since the country’s first Krispy Kreme opened in Adelaide on July 4, there’s been a line out the door from Australians ready to trade their Vegemite for glazed doughnuts.

But what was a sweet event for pastry lovers was tinged with a sour note July 16 when two teenagers were robbed of six boxes of doughnuts.

The teen victims told police they were getting in their car when a man approached them and threatened them with a knife.

He then demanded the pair stay in the car while he grabbed the glazed goodies from the back seat and high-tailed it out of there, Adelaide Now reports.

The doughnut thief was described as a Caucasian aged 16 to 20, about 5-feet, 4 inches, wearing a black hooded jumper and black track pants, according to the Australian.

One of the victims, a 17-year-old boy who asked not to be identified, is still surprised by the theft.

“It’s pretty bad, like you think he’d like take the money or something, but he took the doughnuts,” he told Yahoo! Australia.

Store manager Mark Higginbottom believes the robbery was an isolated incident, but is beefing up security just in case.

Although he has promised to replace the stolen doughnuts, the boys say they are too frightened to revisit the store.

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Death Of Teen Logan Stiner Puts Focus On Caffeine Powder Dangers

COLUMBUS, Ohio (AP) — The sudden death of a healthy high school senior has ramped up attention on unregulated caffeine powder, leading federal health authorities to warn consumers to stay away from the substance.

A recent autopsy found that Logan Stiner, 18, had a lethal amount of caffeine in his system when he died May 27 at his home in LaGrange, Ohio, southwest of Cleveland. The county coroner said Stiner had more than 70 micrograms of caffeine per milliliter of blood in his system, as much as 23 times the amount of a typical coffee or soda drinker.

His mother has said she was unaware her son took caffeine powder. The prom king and wrestler was days away from graduation. He had planned to study at the University of Toledo.

“I don’t think any of us really knew that this stuff was out there,” said Jay Arbaugh, the Keystone Local Schools superintendent.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration said Friday that it’s investigating caffeine powder and will “consider taking regulatory action.” The agency said it was aware of the teen’s death and cautioned parents that young people could be drawn to it.

Caffeine powder is sold as a dietary supplement, so it’s not subject to the same federal regulations as certain caffeinated foods. Users add it to drinks for a pick-me-up before workouts or to control weight gain.

A minuscule amount of caffeine powder packs a punch.

Merely 1/16th of a teaspoon can contain about 200 milligrams of caffeine, roughly the equivalent found in two large cups of coffee. That means a heaping teaspoon could kill, said Dr. Robert Glatter, an emergency physician at Lenox Hill ?Hospital in New York.

The powder is almost impossible to measure with common kitchen tools, the FDA said. Volume measures like teaspoons aren’t precise enough and a scale may be needed.

“The difference between a safe amount and a lethal dose of caffeine in these powdered products is very small,” said FDA spokeswoman Jennifer Dooren.

Glatter said he’s seen several younger patients experience complications from caffeine in the last few months. Some have arrived at his hospital with high, rapid heart rates.

“They’re starting to latch on to the powders more because they see it as a more potent way to lose weight,” Glatter said.

Health officials worry about caffeine powder’s potential popularity among exercise enthusiasts and young people seeking an energy boost.

Dr. Henry Spiller directs a poison control center at Nationwide Children’s Hospital in Columbus, Ohio. Over a week or so this month, the center took reports of three people hospitalized for misusing caffeine powder.

“I can’t believe you can buy this,” Spiller said. “Honestly, I mean, it’s frightening. It makes no sense to me.”

Federal investigations have recently prompted some companies to pull products with added caffeine.

Last year, Wrigley halted sales and marketing of Alert caffeinated gum after FDA discussions. In 2010, the federal agency forced manufacturers of alcoholic caffeinated beverages to cease production of those drinks. Authorities also have said they would take action if they could link deaths to consumption of energy drinks.

Hospitalizations from energy drinks have been on the rise.

The number of emergency department visits involving energy drinks doubled – from 10,068 visits in 2007 to 20,783 visits in 2011, according to the federal Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Most of the cases involved teens or young adults.

A full teaspoon of powder could contain 3,200 milligrams of caffeine.

In that concentrated amount, a person can experience adverse effects in a matter of minutes, said Dr. Bob Hoffman, a New York University medical toxicologist.

The brain becomes alert, then agitated and confused. The heartbeat picks up and can become dangerously irregular. A consumer can feel nauseous, vomit and potentially have a seizure.

“The thing about caffeine is just because you see it every day, just because it’s naturally occurring – it comes from a plant – doesn’t mean that it’s safe,” Hoffman said.

Three weeks before Stiner’s death, students at Keystone Local Schools attended an assembly on heroin overdoses and painkillers, Arbaugh, the superintendent, said. “We were addressing things we thought we should be addressing.”

Next year, he said, the dangers of caffeine powder will be added to the district’s drug and alcohol awareness programs.

Daniel Lee Warn Allegedly Robs El Pollo Loco Restaurant And Returns For Lunch

A man suspected of burglarizing an El Pollo Loco in Costa Mesa, California, has been arrested after he returned to the restaurant for a meal a few hours after the robbery.

Daniel Lee Warn, 28, was arrested Wednesday when he tried to order food at the restaurant, because employees recognized him from the security footage of the robbery.

The restaurant was closed at the time of the break-in, but the surveillance video showed a man climbing through the drive-through window and ransacking the cash register in a failed attempt to find money.

When Warn showed up to order lunch, he was wearing the same clothes as the person seen in the video: A green T-shirt and a hat emblazoned with a bright pink face, the Daily Pilot reports.

The restaurant manager called police who arrested Warn on multiple counts of burglary, KTLA-TV reports.

Police believe Warn is also responsible for three other burglaries in the same area between Tuesday and Wednesday.

Warn, a transient, was sentenced to two years in prison last month, but was freed as part of a post-release community supervision program, according to UPI.com

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Father Of Slain Robber Forgives Police

STOCKTON, Calif. (AP) — The families of two slain bank robbery suspects said Friday that police in the Northern California city of Stockton acted appropriately when they engaged in a gunbattle with their sons.

Gregory Jon Martinez said he believed that police’s use of lethal force was justifiable and expressed condolences for the family of the hostage found dead after the hour-long robbery, car chase and gun battle. “We hold no animosity or blame the Stockton Police Department for behaving the way they did,” Martinez said, noting that some of his family members are in law enforcement. “We believe that given the circumstances the department behaved in a manner that was appropriate.”

His son Alex Gregory Martinez, 27, was one of two suspects killed Wednesday; a third survived after authorities said he used Misty Holt-Singh as a human shield during the gunfight with police.

The father expressed condolences to Holt-Singh’s family, hours after the victim’s family gave an emotional press conference in which they expressed compassion for the families of the dead suspects.

“We’re so, so sorry that this happened. I wish I could take away their pain,” he said.

The mother of the other slain suspect, Gilbert Renteria Jr., 30, said she believed her son was a good person who made a terrible decision that ended his life.

“We’re not just grieving for our son, we’re grieving for the woman who passed, the kids who had to run away and anyone who was traumatized,” Debra Renteria said.

Holt-Singh’s family was launching their own investigation into the incident, announcing in the press conference that they were seeking documents, dispatch logs, video and other evidence police gathered during and after the violence.

Family attorney Greg Bentley said he also wants police department guidelines and protocols for high-speed pursuits and use of deadly force as well as video taken by witnesses.

Holt-Singh, 41, was taken hostage in a Bank of West branch by AK-47 wielding robbers while her 12-year-old daughter waited outside in the car. She was shot while in the back of the suspects’ stolen SUV during the ensuing gun battle after they stopped fleeing and turned to face police with their assault rifles.

Authorities say they are still trying to determine whether the suspects or police shot Holt-Singh.

“We don’t even know who fired what, how many weapons were fired,” said San Joaquin County Deputy District Attorney Robert Himelblau. “We haven’t figured out which bad guy was firing which weapon…which bullets hit who.”

Relatives said Renteria Jr. and Martinez were distant cousins who were close to one another; they didn’t know their relationship to the surviving suspect, 19-year-old Jaime Ramos.

Ramos was to be arraigned in San Joaquin Superior Court on Monday. The district attorney said it’s likely Ramos will be charged with multiple counts of murder.

An autopsy may determine who shot Holt-Singh.

Holt-Singh and a pair of bank employees were forced into a stolen SUV at gunpoint just as police converged on the parking lot of the bank. The two bank employees survived the ordeal by either jumping or getting thrown from the SUV as it sped through town.

Police spokesman Joe Silva said one of the bank employees was initially forced to drive the SUV out of the parking lot before being shot and pushed out the door.

Most police departments discourage shooting at getaway cars during chases. But the taking of hostages and hail of bullets coming from the suspect’s vehicle forced Stockton police to make the split-second decision to use their own weapons while knowing they might harm an innocent civilian.

Stockton police also recovered Friday afternoon a dark-colored sedan captured in video dropping off the suspects. The Buick, which had no license plate, was found abandoned in a neighborhood about a 10 minutes’ drive away from the bank.

Silva said investigators are still trying to determine a motive. He said the two dead suspects were “documented” members of the Nortenos, a Northern California gang controlled from California’s prisons by the Nuestra Familia. Silva said Ramos is an “associate” of the gang.

“We don’t know if this robbery occurred to benefit the gang or for their own purposes,” Silva said.

Gregory Jon Martinez said his son was no longer active in a gang, and that he believed his son was motivated by financial need. He said his son lost his job as a forklift operator, had a drug addiction and was seeking surgical treatment for a degenerative left eye.

The suspect leaves behind a 3-year-old son, who was among more than a dozen relatives who gathered outside the family’s Catholic church to support the elder Martinez.

Renteria’s parents said their son lived at home, was unemployed, and had two children ages 4 and 6. They said he would sometimes disappear for days or weeks, but they were surprised to hear police say that was in a gang.

“If he was that kind of person out there, that never came here,” his father Gilbert Renteria said. “He was protective of all of us.”

Silva said 40 officers have been placed on paid, three-day administrative leave, a routine procedure for police-involved shootings. Silva said the department is paying other officers overtime to cover the open shifts, declining offers from neighboring agencies for additional help.

Holt-Singh’s husband, two children and sister briefly addressed the media Friday to discuss the loss of a wife, mother and sibling.

“What happened to Misty is a nightmare,” husband Paul Singh said. “It’s something I would never want to happen to anybody.”

Daughter Mia Singh was waiting in the car while her mother was in the bank withdrawing money for a haircut, said family friend and lawyer Michael Platt. Mia recalled how Holt-Singh attended all her softball games and never forgot to bring orange juice. Mia said her mother was always trying to horn in on her Snapchat sessions and relentlessly chewed on ice. “Always,” Mia said in tandem with her father as they laughed about the ice chewing.

“I love you mom,” Mia said before bursting into tears and turning to her father for comfort.

During the emotional news conference Friday, family members talked about their Christian faith. Holt-Singh’s sister Dawn Holt said she’s praying for the families of the dead suspects.

“We do need to give those families respect because they lost someone they love too,” she said.

____

Associated Press reporters Lisa Leff, Terry Collins and Paul Elias contributed to this report from San Francisco.

Powdered Caffeine: 5 Things To Know

The sudden death of a healthy high school senior in Ohio has increased attention on unregulated caffeine powder and the ease of taking a toxic dose. Here’s a look at five things to know about the substance:

___ CAFFEINE POWDER IS EASILY AVAILABLE

Bulk caffeine powder can be easily bought online. Both Amazon and eBay sell the substance. Pouches can start at more than $7, with just over a pound costing about $15. Users add the powder to drinks for a pick-me-up before workouts or to control weight gain.

___

THIS ISN’T INSTANT COFFEE

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration said the product is essentially 100 percent caffeine. A teaspoon is roughly equivalent to the amount in 25 cups of coffee. The agency cautions that it’s almost impossible for users to accurately measure the powder with kitchen tools, and people can easily take a lethal amount.

Generally, 5 to 10 grams is considered a toxic dose? in adults, while 3 grams can be a toxic dose in children.

Some brands explain the risks in fine print. For instance, labels on Hard Rhino’s caffeine powder tell consumers that failing to follow guidelines can result in serious injury or death. “This is PURE CAFFEINE and a little goes a long way,” it reads. The suggested use is between 1/32th and 1/16th of a teaspoon. People are encouraged to use a micro scale for precise measurement.

___

FEDERAL AUTHORITIES WARN CONSUMERS TO AVOID POWDER

The FDA is warning consumers to avoid powdered caffeine, especially people with pre-existing heart conditions. The agency said it is working collect additional information about the powered products and will consider taking regulatory action as appropriate.

___

CAFFEINE AFFECTS PEOPLE DIFFERENTLY

Responses to caffeine can vary widely, particularly if there are other underlying medical issues, medical experts say. High amounts of caffeine can lead to an increased risk for cardiac arrhythmias, palpitations, seizures, strokes or even death. The FDA has said 400 milligrams of caffeine a day — roughly 20 to 28 ounces of coffee — is generally not dangerous to healthy adults.

___

CAFFEINE OVERDOSE DEATHS ARE UNCOMMON, NOT UNHEARD OF

There have been at least two deaths associated with caffeine, along with 40 life-threatening events from 2008 to 2012, according to data from the nation’s poison control centers. During that period, at least 5,095 people were treated in a health care facility for caffeine exposure. But it’s unknown how many of those cases stemmed from caffeine powder.

In 2012, federal health authorities said they were investigating reports of 13 deaths possibly linked to so-called energy shots. The FDA said then it had received 92 reports over four years that cite illnesses, hospitalizations and deaths after consumption of a product marketed as 5-Hour Energy. The agency had also received reports that cited the highly caffeinated Monster Energy Drink in five deaths and one nonfatal heart attack.

NY Doctor Convicted Of Manslaughter In Prescription Overdose Deaths

NEW YORK (AP) — A doctor accused of peddling painkiller prescriptions to addicts — including some who died of overdoses and one who later killed four people in a pharmacy holdup — was convicted Friday in what was believed to be the first manslaughter case against a New York doctor in an overdose death.

Dr. Stan Li also was convicted of recklessly endangering six other patients by giving them prescriptions despite signs of drug abuse. One suicidal patient overdosed five times. Relatives of another patient told Li she was trading the medications for heroin and begged him to stop, prosecutors said. Li, an anesthesiologist and pain management specialist, maintained he merely tried to help suffering people who misused medications and misled him. A jury acquitted him of one reckless-endangerment charge and some of the other 211 counts against him, which included selling prescriptions, falsifying business records and other offenses.

The 60-year-old physician sat motionless as the verdicts on the top charges were read. By the 40th count, he leaned back somberly in his chair and stopped looking at the jury. His bail revoked, he was led out of the courtroom in handcuffs to await an Oct. 20 sentencing. The manslaughter charge alone carries the potential for up to 5 to 15 years in prison.

“We believed that the public needed protection from criminally reckless conduct that purported to be medical treatment but resulted in loss of life, addiction and harm to patients,” city Special Narcotics Prosecutor Bridget Brennan said in a statement Friday.

Li’s lawyer, Raymond Belair, left court without speaking to reporters and didn’t immediately respond to email and telephone messages after the verdict.

Manslaughter charges against doctors for overprescribing drugs are uncommon, but some have grabbed headlines. Perhaps most notoriously, former cardiologist Conrad Murray was accused of giving pop superstar Michael Jackson a lethal dose of the anesthetic propofol as a sleep aid in 2009 and was convicted of involuntary manslaughter.

Prosecutors said Li, who operated a Queens pain management clinic, prescribed lethal amounts of highly addictive medications, including oxycodone and Xanax, to two men who fatally overdosed.

One got prescriptions for nearly 800 tablets within a month and a half, dying of an oxycodone overdose three days after last seeing Li, prosecutors said. The other got prescriptions from Li for 500 pills within five weeks and was found dead in his car, surrounded by containers of pills Li had prescribed.

Li also was convicted of selling prescriptions to another patient whose addiction proved to have deadly consequences: David Laffer shot and killed two employees and two customers while holding up a Long Island pharmacy for painkillers in June 2011. Laffer pleaded guilty to murder and is serving a life sentence.

Prosecutors said Li, of Hamilton, New Jersey, saw as many as 90 patients a day in a Queens weekend storefront clinic that charged on a per-prescription scale.

“He would take their money, write the prescription and send them out to suffer some more,” prosecutor Peter Kougasian said in a closing argument.

But Li’s lawyer told jurors in his summation that Li’s patients had deceived him.

“These were tough patients,” Belair said. “They were very good liars.”

___

Reach Jennifer Peltz on Twitter @jennpeltz.

Iowa Plane Crash Survivors Gather In Rememberance

DES MOINES, Iowa (AP) — As he sat in a crippled airliner, Ron May braced his head between his legs and prayed for his wife, who was seven months’ pregnant with their first child. Everyone on the jet feared they were about to die.

That was back on July 19, 1989, when May was a passenger aboard United Flight 232. The DC-10 was traveling from Denver to Chicago when it lost all hydraulic power after the rear engine exploded. The crew used the remaining two engines to steer a winding course to Sioux City, where the massive plane crash-landed, cartwheeling down the runway and bursting into flames before breaking apart in a cornfield.

Of the 296 people on board, 184 survived. Most couldn’t believe it.

“We’re upside down and I’m alive,” May, now a 55-year-old Chicago pastor, recalled of the landing. “Everything was chaos.”

A quarter of a century later, the flight is considered one of the most impressive life-saving efforts in aviation history. At the time, Capt. Al Haynes was hailed in much the same way as US Airways pilot Chesley Sullenberger, who safely ditched his Airbus A320 into the Hudson River in New York in 2009.

The legacy of the crash lives on. It changed the way planes were designed, ensuring more backup systems to prevent the kind of catastrophic hydraulic failure that made Flight 232 almost impossible to control. It also drew attention to the need for emergency preparedness. And the efforts of the crew were remembered in movies and books.

This weekend, survivors will gather for 25th anniversary memorial events at the Mid America Museum of Aviation and Transportation in Sioux City.

Still, some of the safety changes sought by survivors have not happened. Jan Brown, the lead flight attendant on Flight 232, has led an unsuccessful campaign to get the Federal Aviation Administration to end the practice of allowing children under the age of 2 to travel on a parent’s lap without a ticketed seat. She is haunted by the memory of a 22-month-old lap child who died in the crash.

“It’s heart-wrenching after 25 years,” said Brown, now 73. “How truly pathetic that you can still take a lap child, the most vulnerable of our population, and risk flying with them on our lap.”

Before she left her role as chair of the National Transportation Safety Board earlier this year, Deborah Hersman lamented that the rules for lap children had not been changed since the crash.

In a statement, an FAA spokeswoman said the agency recommends that parents secure infants in seats, but said that if they are forced to buy an extra ticket, parents may eschew flying for driving, which could be more dangerous. According to data on the U.S. Department of Transportation website, there have been no preventable infant deaths on planes in 17 years.

The terror on Flight 232 unfolded over more than 40 minutes.

At about 3:15 p.m., an engine on the DC-10 aircraft exploded and chunks of metal ripped apart all three of the jet’s hydraulic systems. The plane lost all hydraulic fluid, shutting down the systems that controlled the plane’s altitude and direction.

Haynes sought to steer using the two remaining engines. He was aided by instructional pilot Dennis Fitch, who just happened to be traveling on the flight as a passenger. Fitch sat on the floor of the cockpit.

The crew knew the plane was in grave danger.

“The potential was that we could all go straight down,” Brown said.

Haynes navigated toward Sioux City. According to the recordings from the cockpit, he said to the crew: “We’re not gonna make the runway, fellas. We’re gonna have to ditch this son of a (expletive) and hope for the best.”

As the pilots tried to bring the plane down at the Sioux City airport, the right wing plowed into the ground, sending the jet into a cartwheel and tearing it apart as it skidded across the pavement into a cornfield.

“It was complete chaos. Bodies thrown about the plane. Others were thrown from their chairs. There was smoke and fire and debris,” said Jerry Schemmel, 54, of Littleton, Colorado.

Survivors struggled to get out of the wreckage, emerging into the cool green Iowa cornfield. Schemmel tried to help people out and then went back in for a baby he heard crying.

The crash, captured on video and viewed in news broadcasts, was the subject of extensive review. An analysis by the NTSB found that the airline failed to detect a crack in a fan disk in one of the engines during an inspection process, which ultimately led to the engine failure.

Soon after, DC-10 planes were modified with a shut-off valve to prevent the loss of all hydraulic fluid in future.

The emergency response in Sioux City was also as a model for other cities to match. County authorities had disaster plans in place and had drilled for such situations. They quickly mobilized huge numbers of medical and rescue personnel, bringing in ambulances from more than 28 agencies across a 60-mile radius.

For survivors, the legacy of the crash is complicated, given the many lives lost. Schemmel said he will attend the memorial services this weekend, but then hopes to finally put Flight 232 behind him.

“I think as much as anything, it will be good for my family. Our son, who is 15, is going to come along,” he said. “After this weekend, it will be a chapter we can close.”

US Drone Strike In Pakistan Kills 11

PESHAWAR, Pakistan (AP) — A U.S. drone fired several missiles at a sprawling compound in Pakistan’s northwestern tribal region bordering Afghanistan on Saturday, killing eleven militants, two Pakistani intelligence officials said.

The officials said the strike happened in Datta Khel, a town in North Waziristan, where the Pakistani military has been carrying out a major offensive against militants since last month. They said most of the slain men were members of Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan, an umbrella group encompassing militant organizations across the tribal areas. The officials spoke on condition of anonymity because they are not authorized to talk to media.

Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan has called for overthrowing the Pakistani government in order to implement its hard-line version of Islamic law and end cooperation with the Americans in Afghanistan.

For several years now, Washington had pushed Pakistan to take action against militant groups operating in North Waziristan.

After assuming office a year ago, Pakistan’s Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif tried to resolve the issue through negotiations with the militants and urged the U.S. to refrain from drone strikes during the peace process.

But negotiations collapsed after militants attacked the country’s biggest airport in the port city of Karachi on June 8, prompting the government to order military action in North Waziristan.

The start of the Pakistani offensive saw the renewal of the U.S. drone program after a roughly six-month pause.

U.S. drone strikes are a serious source of tension between Washington and Islamabad. The Pakistani government denounces the strikes as a violation of the country’s sovereignty.

Saturday’s strike was the second this week. On Wednesday, a U.S. drone killed 15 militants, also in North Waziristan.

The military launched the offensive in the region on June 15, as over 800,000 people fled to other towns and cities for safety.

The military says so far it has killed nearly 500 militants and lost 26 soldiers.

Convert, Pay Tax, Or Die, Islamic State Warns Christians

(Reuters) – Islamist insurgents have issued an ultimatum to northern Iraq’s dwindling Christian population to either convert to Islam, pay a religious levy or face death, according to a statement distributed in the militant-controlled city of Mosul.

The statement issued by the Islamic State, the al Qaeda offshoot which led last month’s lightning assault to capture swathes of north Iraq, and seen by Reuters, said the ruling would come into effect on Saturday.

It said Christians who wanted to remain in the “caliphate” that the Islamic State declared this month in parts of Iraq and Syria must agree to abide by terms of a “dhimma” contract – a historic practice under which non-Muslims were protected in Muslim lands in return for a special levy known as “jizya”.

“We offer them three choices: Islam; the dhimma contract – involving payment of jizya; if they refuse this they will have nothing but the sword,” the announcement said.

A resident of Mosul said the statement, issued in the name of the Islamic State in Iraq’s northern province of Nineveh, had been distributed on Thursday and read out in mosques.

It said Islamic State leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, which the group has now named Caliph Ibrahim, had set a Saturday deadline for Christians who did not want to stay and live under those terms to “leave the borders of the Islamic Caliphate”.

“After this date, there is nothing between us and them but the sword,” it said.

The Nineveh decree echoes one that the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant, the former name for the Islamic State, issued in the Syrian city of Raqqa in February, demanding that Christians pay the jizya levy in gold and curb displays of their faith in return for protection.

The concept of dhimma, governing non-Muslims living under Islamic rule, dates back to the early Islamic era in the seventh century, but was largely abolished during the Ottoman reforms of the mid-19th century.

Mosul, once home to diverse faiths, had a Christian population of around 100,000 a decade ago, but waves of attacks on Christians since the 2003 U.S.-led invasion to topple Saddam Hussein have seen those numbers collapse.

The resident of Mosul who saw the Islamic State announcement estimated the city’s Christian population before last month’s militant takeover at around 5,000. The vast bulk of those have since fled, leaving perhaps only 200 in the city, he said.

(Reporting by Dominic Evans and Isra’ al-Rube’i; Editing by Hugh Lawson)