The Strange Times of Tortoise #21

How a Galápagos tortoise from the San Diego Zoo saved his sub-species from the brink of extinction.

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Super Diego, 91 years old, has been a resident at the Charles Darwin Research Station since 1977. He was taken from his homeland on Española Island during the scientific voyage of Allan Hancock aboard his yacht Velero III in 1933. Brought to the San Diego Zoo (hence his name), he became #21 in their collection of 100 Galápagos tortoises.

In the 1960’s the director of the nascent Charles Darwin Research Station found that the Española tortoises, slaughtered by the thousands by 18th-century whalers, were on the verge of extinction. To save this unique species two males and 12 females, the total number found, were brought to Research Station as a hopeful breeding colony, and a search for extant members of the species was launched.

The one male left of the tortoises from the Velero III expedition was identified as the only remaining source of fresh genes, and was sent to the Darwin Station by the Zoo. He arrived in Galápagos on August 8, 1977, 43 years after he was taken, and has proved to be a potent contributor to the successful breeding program returning his subspecies from the brink of extinction. It is estimated he has sired about 1,700 Española tortoises.

Super Diego remains active and healthy. And guests on every Lindblad-National Geographic Galápagos expedition will get to see him at the Charles Darwin Research Center.

Stop What You're Doing: This Is How Instant Ramen Noodles Are Made

Ramen noodles are an undeniable staple: they’re the holy grail of cheap and easy dining for college students, and now, they’re taking over the trendy food circle with Ramen burgers.

But are you ready to learn how these peculiar noodles are made?

In this short from Potluck Video, a crew travels to Sun Noodles in New Jersey to learn the magic that goes into making this starchy snack.

The process might not be what you expect. (And it’s far different from the traditional technique of making ramen noodles by hand.)

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49ers Celebrate New Stadium In Style

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Photo by 49ers

San Francisco, CA – The wait is over, Levi’s Stadium ribbon cutting ceremony took place yesterday. Commissioner Roger Goodell, Head Coach Jim Harbaugh, Mayor of Santa Clara Jamie Matthews, CEO and founder of Levi’s Strauss Charles Bergh helped 49ers CEO Jed York cut the ribbon to their brand new 1.2 billion stadium.

“This has been a long time in the making,” said York.

An emotional York thanked his family, friends and all of those who helped bring this dream to fruition. He even brought out the hundreds of construction workers who worked countless hours to build the posh stadium that holds 68,500 seats and can increase to 75,000 for the upcoming Super Bowl in 2016.

It’s the first stadium in Silicon Valley, the stadium has 10 private clubs, features 165 luxury seats, 9,000 club seats and has a green roof-top deck that sits atop the press box that includes solar panels. The stadium is the first LEED Gold Certified in the NFL for its environmentally friendly design. The ceremony included a posh reception hosting some of the top foods that will be served during the season.

“The stadium reflects the greatness of the region, the technology and the innovation,” said Goodell. This is the first pro stadium in California since the 1960’s.”

Despite the disappointment of the teams move from San Francisco where fans have supported the franchise through the decades. The city of Santa Clara and the 49ers have provided various ways for fans to commute. The parking lot has approximately 30,000 parking spaces compared to Candlestick’s 18,000.

“We had a vision of what we wanted to do with this stadium,” John York said. “It has superseded what I could ever imagine, so Jed (John’s son) has done a tremendous job.”

Along with Harbaugh, players Patrick Willis, Mike Lupati, Kassim Osgood and Joe Staley (who signed a two-year contract extension through 2019 yesterday), got a tour after the ceremony before reporting for training camp next week. Rookies and players can arrive as early as tomorrow.

“It’s amazing, the locker room is huge,” said Lupati. “But we’re here to work so we won’t get the same use of the stadium as the fans.”

Now that the new stadium has been blessed, it’s up to the team to bring home a Super Bowl just as the team did during the Candlestick years when the 49ers were a dynasty. The memories the team left behind is something they’d have to duplicate at their new home. After reaching the NFC Championship last season, the 49ers have no doubt that they’ll bring home that Lombardi trophy in the near future.

“Levi’s Stadium is the best stadium in the world for the best fans,” York said. “I can’t wait for the 49ers faithful to enjoy this in person, and now it’s time to make some new memories in our new home.”

The Faint Line of Sanity

Years ago, when I was doing a psychiatry rotation at Bellevue, I learned a valuable lesson. One that has stayed with me since. Sometimes, it whispers softly in my ear reminding me. Other times it shrieks desperately to me.

It is that the line between “us” and “them” is so tenuous.

One of my patients was a charming man named Paul. He spent hours telling me how the government needed him out of circulation so they purposely made him go insane so he would be stuck in Bellevue, forced to do art therapy and take pills to silence him. Paul was fascinating. He would be frenetic and loud and totally unpredictable. The things he said often made no sense. He was clearly mentally ill. He looked it. He talked it. He smelled it. I liked Paul. I think I liked Paul because the line between me and him was an electrified fenced border. There was Paul — with his paranoid non-sequitirs. There was me — with my organized thoughts and my history of not once thinking the CIA was following me. I was the clear winner. Everything made sense and fit in my construct of a mental institution and its inhabitants.

The line between “us” and “them” was drawn with a fat black Sharpee.

But then there were the others.

The “them” that would shuffle from their rooms to the plastic chairs in the common room for group therapy and would need a few minutes to recover from the amount of energy that task required. Getting from bed to chair was their marathon. It took colossal strength to participate in living. The mental exhaustion was etched around their eyes and the corners of their mouths. It made their shoulders slouch and their bellies stick out. They didn’t care enough to suck it in and sit straight. Waking up and breathing was all they could do some days. They didn’t lash out. They didn’t talk at all. They listened (maybe) and stared sideways, far far away.

I could barely take the fear they instilled in me. Because I got them. They didn’t fascinate me at all. I had no questions for them. I wanted them to have co-diagnoses of bipolar or schizophrenia to explain why they ended up there. I read their charts looking for some unspeakable childhood trauma that made them like this. Sometimes there was trauma. Many times, there wasn’t. And that scared the blessed shit out of me.

I would talk to them when they had the energy to hold a conversation and would try desperately to make the line between us thicker. I was in graduate school, he dropped out of high school. Phew. Until there was the woman who was an OB-GYN. And the man who worked for Merril Lynch doing something important with other people’s money. And the college student who tried to kill himself. Three times.

I remember riding the bus home from work one day and making a mental list of the reasons I didn’t belong in an institution with “them.” I needed to convince myself that my depression was different, mild, curable. I would never end up like “them.”

And I never did end up institutionalized. Though I’ve had days where I wanted to be so I can rest and get right in my head. But what I learned from that time has stayed with me. Just because we hold down jobs, have kids, go to parent-teacher conferences, occasionally exercise, get married, have meaningful friendships, write a blog, doesn’t for one minute mean that we can’t end up in an uncomfortable plastic chair in the common room in Bellevue.

It means that luck, good meds and love has kept me on this side of the line today.

Miss Idaho Wears An Insulin Pump, And She's Not Afraid To Show It

Miss Idaho 2014 is here to Pump. You. Up!

This isn’t getting “pumped” in the conventional, Arnold Schwarzenegger-approved sense. Miss Idaho (aka Sierra Sandison) does it with her insulin pump, which the 20-year-old has started wearing with pride after struggling with her diagnoses of Type 1 diabetes two years ago.

“In February 2012, my world was flipped upside down by my diabetes diagnosis,” Sandison wrote in a blog post after winning The Miss Idaho Scholarship Program last Saturday. “For a while, I pretended that I didn’t have diabetes, hoping it would go away. That led to crazy blood sugars, of course, and a very sick, grumpy, and discouraged Sierra.”

Upset, but with no other options, Sandison says she gradually worked to bring her condition under control through a low-carb diet, lots of exercise and insulin injections. She was still self-conscious, however, especially when she was on stage for pageants.

“When I first started competing, I was using injections rather than a pump,” she explains. “I didn’t want people to see a weird-tubey-machine-thing attached to me all the time, and could not wrap my head around having a medical device on my body for the rest of my life.”

That changed when she learned of Nicole Johnson — winner of Miss America 1999 — who won the pageant while wearing an insulin pump.

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(Photo via Susan Hessing Photography)

Inspired, Sandison got the pump, and, after agonizing over the decision, wore it onstage Saturday during the Miss Idaho Scholarship Program pageant. She described the experience in her blog:

As I nervously walked out of the dressing room the first night of competition, the first person I saw said, “What’s that? Is that an insulin pump?”. My stomach flipped upside down. “I shouldn’t have worn this,” I thought, “everyone is going to be confused and wonder what I am wearing.”

Turns out the inquisitor, a fellow pageant competitor, also had diabetes — but had opted not to get a pump for similar reasons. Undeterred, Sandison wore her pump throughout the competition, including in her bikini. The photo (see above) has inspired others to share photos of their own insulin pumps, united by the hashtag “#showmeyourpump.”

See some of those photos, below:

The online campaign has inspired countless diabetics who rely on insulin pumps to help manage their blood sugar. Sandison’s original Facebook post features more than a hundred comments and photos from people in similar situations. “You changed my 11 year old daughter’s summer!” reads one comment. “She’s been so self-conscious but since she read about you & saw this photo, she cannot wait to wear a bathing suit tomorrow.”

Can Georgia's GOP Senate Runoff Top Mississippi's?

Just as Mississippi provided a thrilling GOP Senate primary runoff that still doesn’t seem to be over, Georgia is giving political pundits more excitement this summer.

Georgia Representative Jack Kingston was thought to have sewn up the contest after sporting a double-digit advantage shortly after the primary. Even though he was tied with businessman David Perdue at the end of the first round of voting, the other top two contestants, former Secretary of State Karen Handel and Representative Phil Gingrey endorsed Kingston. Other members (past and present) of Congress lined up behind Kingston, as did several newspapers. The airwaves went dark as Perdue tried to regain fundraising momentum. Kingston had a 11-point lead in a survey and pundits began to lose interest in the race.

That lead is gone, according to Walter Jones, who reported about an InsiderAdvantage poll showing the two candidates are in a statistical dead heat, with more than 15 percent of the voters still in play. Another poll this week confirmed that the race has tightened.

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And like the Mississippi race, the charges and countercharges are flying.

“There’s not really enough evidence to convict David Perdue of being a Republican,” said Chris Crawford, Kingston’s Campaign Manager, in an email to me. “He’s never voted in a General Republican Primary this century except the one when his name was on the ballot. He also contributed $500 to liberal Boston Democrat Joe Moakley.”

The Perdue camp wasted little time with their response. “Congressman Kingston has been in Washington for 22 years spending money like the Democrats he claimed to oppose,” said Derrick Dickey, a Perdue campaign spokesman, in an email response. “Maybe he has been up there so long that he forgot what it means to be a real Republican. David is a true conservative who will focus on cutting spending and growing the economy to pay down the crushing federal debt without raising taxes, or to put it another way he will help clean up the mess Congressman Kingston and his establishment friends created.”

Kingston’s campaign was quick with their reply. “We are crisscrossing the state, shaking as many hands as possible and talking to Georgians about what they want to see in their next U.S. Senator,” Crawford replied. “Grassroots momentum is building around Jack Kingston as the tested and proven conservative in this race with a vision for our country and a plan to restore the American Dream.”

The two returned to the airwaves with a vengeance, with Kingston attacking Perdue’s business record and for getting bailouts, while Perdue tried to tie Kingston to a Palestinian-American donor facing criminal charges, making the race sharply competitive but by no means near the Mississippi mess between Senator Thad Cochran and state legislator Chris McDaniel, so far.

If the mudslinging worsens, it could open up an opportunity for Michelle Nunn, the Democratic Party nominee and daughter of former Georgia Senator Sam Nunn, a popular Democrat in the Peach State, to take away a Republican seat that had been held by Senator Saxby Chambliss.

John A. Tures is a professor of political science at LaGrange College in LaGrange, Ga. He can be reached at jtures@lagrange.edu.

This Closet Is Probably Bigger Than Your Apartment

For many of us, a 3,000 square-foot, three-story space sounds like the kind of thing our real estate dreams are made of. For one woman in Texas, however, it’s just one very important part of her home.

In a space larger than most major city apartments lies Theresa Roemer’s closet. The wonderland of shoes, clothes and accessories — or a “she-cave,” as she calls it — boasts goods from some of the biggest designers in the industry including Dior, Chanel, and Christian Louboutin. According to Roemer, the closet was a “life-long dream.”

But the extravagant room does way more than simply showcase her impressive collection. “This closet was built and intended for fundraising,” Roemer explained to Houston’s KHOU News.

In fact, since moving in just a few months ago, Roemer has already raised tens of thousands of dollars for charity by hosting fundraising events. Talk about a fashionable way to give back!

Check out the whole interview in the video above.

Melt Summer Learning Loss With Chocolate

It’s summer — fireflies, cook-outs, swimming pools and lazy afternoons. This next school year seems to be at the end of a tunnel that I haven’t even looked to where it might end. It can be hard to believe that only weeks ago, kids were finishing schools years, taking tests and demonstrating their year-long learning. Today, in the midst of summer’s slumber, many kids might struggle with content they aced on those tests only weeks ago.

The RAND corporation in its 2011 report on summer learning loss stated that many children and youth lose an average of a month of learning during the summer. The issue is of national interest. In 2010, President Obama noted on NBC’s Today Show how students lose a lot of what they learn during the school year. Earlier that same year, First Lady Michelle Obama launched “United We Serve: Let’s Read, Let’s Move,” a program that encourages actions to reduce the summer reading gap.

Summer plays an important role in creating memories for many families with vacations, day trips, and sleepovers. This is, indeed, one place where we can curb learning loss — as families. Parents model learning outside of school and, as possible, making it fun. From Scrabble to Monopoly to Life, board games offer fun and inherent problem solving while incorporating words or numbers. And, we don’t necessarily need to dust off those board games or look for lost pieces. Keith Devlin of Stanford University claims, with many agreeing, that video games may be one of the best ways to learn math. With many kids ready to grab their digital devices for the sake of summer learning, Devlin would be the first to note that learning is also tied to the content of the game.

While the digital world has much to offer, so do hands-on, interactive activities as a family. Carving a pumpkin on an iPhone or cutting cookies in holiday shapes in a web app won’t hold the same memories as doing it for real. The benefit and need for families to interact together is part of the focus of the Family Fridays series at the National Museum of Mathematics, also called MoMath, in New York City.

About a week ago, I presented an interactive program “Curb Summer Learning Loss with Chocolate” at the museum. Families gathered to engage in math in a free program, as they do for every month through the generosity of Time Warner Cable’s Connect a Million Minds program. Want a summer memory? that involves math? How about using chocolate? Math + Chocolate was a winning combination that Friday at MoMath. The program’s largest turnout visited the museum that night, requiring overflow seating to be added to an already-full event.

The activities connected to topics in my book, Math Bytes: Google Bombs, Chocolate-Covered Pi, and Other Cool Bits in Computing, released this spring.

So, find some chocolate chips and let’s begin before we eat our mathematical tools. First, let’s create mathematical art with chocolate chips. In my book, I use M&Ms. For instance, below are mosaics of President Obama’s Hope poster from the 2008 election.

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On the left is a mosaic with real M&Ms that my family was most pleased to help disassemble! The M&M mosaic on the right was created with a computer program and is a higher resolution version, due to a grid that uses more squares compared to the mosaic on the left. To create a mosaic, you first break an image into a grid of squares that are at least the size of a chocolate chip. I’ve done this for an image of President Lincoln below, although the grid size (in this article) is too small to place a chocolate chip. Now, you are ready to make your mosaic. You go square by square. If the color in a square seems more black than white, place a milk chocolate chip. Else, leave it blank or place a white chocolate chip. When you’ve visited every square, you have your mosaic. Click the image of Lincoln below to download the handout from the Family Friday program. You can make your own mosaic of Lincoln. This activity, especially if you create the grid, works with measurement and estimation, both topics of the academic curriculum. To the right below is a picture of a mosaic being constructed at the Family Friday.


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Mosaics can also motivate topics and ideas from Calculus. For example, consider the shaded region in the graph below. We’ll again break the picture, in this case a quarter of a circle, into a grid of squares, each big enough to place an M&M. In the image, the squares are smaller than an M&M but they’re bigger in the accompanying handout and can, indeed, fit the chocolatey treat.

2014-07-18-circlePi1.pngIf we consider this to be a quarter of a circle with a radius of 1 unit, then the shaded region has an area of π/4. We are now ready to estimate or approximate this value with M&Ms and our grid of squares. We again visit every square. If the upper righthand corner of a square is part of the shaded region, place an M&M. Else, leave it blank. In the end, we note that the total picture is a square with sides of 1 unit by 1 unit. So, ratio of the shaded region to the total square is π/4 to 1 or π/4. We can estimate this ratio by the fraction number of M&Ms we placed by the total number of squares in the grid.

Let’s try the 6 by 6 grid of squares seen above. Click the image above for a handout that you can use. I placed 22 M&Ms, which creates the estimate

π/4 ≈ 22/36.

Easy enough. But, now we’ll use this estimate to approximate π, by computing

π ≈ 4(22/36) = 2.44.

So, our estimate is 2.44, and remember, π is about 3.1415. Unimpressed? Think about how to improve the estimate. One way is to get miniature M&Ms and shrink the size of the grid. This creates a higher resolution grid for the image. This results in a better approximation. For example, the Obama Hope mosaic on the right, earlier in the article, is closer to the original image than the mosaic on the left since it used more squares in its grid. This is precisely what Isaac Newton developed for Calculus. However, Newton was interested in the value of the estimate as you used more and more M&Ms. How many more? To infinity but not really beyond. Rather than go to infinity, how about moving to an 11 by 11 grid as seen below. How much better does the estimate get? Give it a try. Click either image below to download the accompanying handout. How much better of an estimate do you find? What other ways would you improve the estimate of the 6 by 6 or 11 by 11 grids? Some ideas to improve the approximations are contained in my book and I mentioned a couple at the Family Friday program. And, I needed only to ask for suggestions and new ideas were offered. What ideas do you and your friends and family have?

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Want to work with fractions? Motivate Calculus? Or simply eat some chocolate? Buy some chocolate chips — or raisins for a fruitier experience. And, take a math bite out of summer learning loss as a family.

Why Don't We Ever Wonder If Men Can Have It All?

Recently, I have been lucky, happy and proud to feel like my support of working moms is getting recognized and my message is getting spread more widely.

I was lucky enough to not only be invited to the White House Summit on Working Families, but also to have a small speaking role, introducing the STEM panel, and having the opportunity to tell my story about how I came to understand that corporate culture needs to change in order to help more women succeed and thrive.

My story is pretty simple. I never set out to crusade for working moms and to change corporate culture. I wish I had that mission, but to be honest it all happened when I became a working mom, and was lucky enough to be able to call my own shots.

Before I had kids I assumed I would always “do it all.” I always knew I would have kids, career and that I wouldn’t skip a beat. I never even thought about whether it would be hard or doable. I just knew I would do it.

Then my son was born. I had not been able to find a daycare that I liked — or so I told myself. In reality I just could not bring myself to leave my new baby anywhere. It wasn’t only about not wanting to leave him, it was a physical reaction. As I’ve heard described by other new moms, it was a visceral reaction. I simply could not leave him at home. But I was not going to stop going to work or veer away from my career. So I just brought him with me. I was in the position at my company to make the calls, I just decided to “have it all.” Continue working, and have my new baby with me.

Then baby boy number two came, and I did the same thing. I made it work. My babies loved being in a sling and practicing attachment parenting while working worked for me. My babies didn’t fuss as long as they were in the sling and nursing on demand.

And as I was just doing what I needed to do to be a mom and continue to excel in my career, more and more women would comment on what I was doing. More and more people would be amazed, jealous, impressed, shocked, horrified. And really at the end of the day, what got me writing, talking and wanting to join the cause to help women succeed, help women get in leadership roles and fight against women being “mommy tracked” was not the women who supported me, but the people who criticized me. It was those who wanted to perpetuate the idea that women belonged only as the primary caregivers of kids, and that no woman could have kids and excel in her career. In an early USA Today article I appeared in, a commenter said: “There is no such thing a mom who is also a CEO. Stop playing CEO and go back to being a mom, back to where you belong.”

For as much support as I continued to get, there are always the people who disagree and don’t think corporate culture should change. These are the people who encourage me to continue my fight.

I’m also motivated by the women who have achieved their ultimate career goals, like Sheryl Sandberg or Indra Nooyi, but had to do it in a corporate culture that fights against women instead of supporting them. When Sandberg gives advice, she tells women to do what she has done: “lean In,” change who you are, negotiate in a way that men like and learn how to adjust. And Nooyi says that women can’t have it all, and then wonders out loud whether her daughters think she is a good mom. It’s frustrating to hear these things. Sandberg and Nooyi are smart and successful women, they shouldn’t have to change who they are or accept that they can’t have it all simply because they are women.

And then there is Matt Lauer asking Mary Barra whether she can do it all. Lauer got a lot of pushback with his question. Both men and women have wondered why he asked Barra that question, and has never once asked the same question of the men CEOs that he interviews. Matt Lauer’s producer, Tammy Fine, defended the question, also saying that women can’t do it all. She used an example of an event at the school where her twin daughters go to school, which required volunteers. Every single volunteer was a mom, both working and some stay-at-home. She said there were no dads there at all. Instead of challenging why no dad’s volunteer and advocating that we help men find better balance in their lives, her conclusion is that women can’t have it all.

I don’t blame women in the current corporate culture for saying it how it is. I find Tammy Fine and Indra Nooyi very brave — willing to actually say what it is like to be a working mother in today’s American workplace. The fact is that Nooyi and Fine are right. Women are expected to try to do it “all,” including picking up the milk or doing all the volunteering at the school event. Fathers have been able to “get away” with not doing the same family related activities, and when they do, they often experience disdain and criticism from fellow work colleagues. Men are supposed to give it all up for work, and women are supposed to give it all up for family. And it’s time we all said no. It’s time we all acknowledged that if we change the way we interact with work, family kids, and parents, there can be a place where women (and men for that matter) “can have it all.”

Let’s stop trying to balance our lives and realize that the best way to approach work and family is to be able to integrate your life. Let’s make it a given that newborn babies are allowed in offices to bond and breastfeed with their mothers until they are four months old. And if a baby has special needs or happens to just have the bad luck of being very colicky, then let’s do a better job in America on giving paid and protected parental leave. Let’s make it OK, and not “unprofessional,” to have an older child show up at his or her parent’s office after school and quietly read or do their homework while the parent finishes up. How much better would it have been from Nooyi if her daughters could just come to her office and do their homework and read, and then earn their screen time, rather than having to call her assistant for instructions? And what if being at their mom’s office, and really seeing her in action, inspires them to become leaders of Fortune 100 companies?

I think my boys have learned so much more than any of their friends about the real world, business and what their mother does because they come to the office with me on a regular basis. They also travel with me whenever I can make it work, and have been able to experience cities all across the U.S. and beyond on business trips with me.

My 10-year-old son will tell people that we he grows up, he wants to be in marketing. He actually knows what it means, and gets excited by the idea of “marketing” a cool product to people. My 10-year-old chose to use PowerPoint as his visual aide for his Oregon Native American project, while all the other kids did dioramas or murals. He worked on a PowerPoint slide show and then learned and practiced on how to present it. He has seen me do the same, and pitched the teacher on why this was just as valuable as any other visual aide. He ended up getting the best presentation score in the whole class.

Not only am I able to spend time with my children while continuing to excel in my career simultaneously, but my children are gaining valuable experiences that they would never get at daycare or at home. If more companies allowed their employees to do what I have done, and what I allow my employees to do, women truly could have it all. And think of how much more value we would bring to the kids of America? Real work experience, and not just once a year “take your child to work day.”

Mario’s Grave: Super Sad, Bro.

Designer and illustrator Metin Seven came up with a 3D printed tribute to the 8-bit era of gaming and its legendary console, the NES. Metin simply calls it Mario’s Grave and features the pipe and ground from Super Mario Bros.

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Even in death, Luigi still isn’t mentioned. No wonder he’s become a cold-blooded kart racer. You can order Mario’s Grave from Metin’s Shapeways shop for $39(USD) to $329, depending on the material you pick.

[via Gamefreaks]