Cutting Greenhouse Gas Emissions Could Save 3,500 Lives Per Year: Report

WASHINGTON –- Save the planet, save lives?

A study released Tuesday says reducing greenhouse gas emissions from power plants in order to curb global warming also would improve health for Americans. That’s because reducing greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide would lead to declines in other pollutants — saving up to 3,500 American lives per year, or an average of nine lives per day. The emissions cuts also would prevent up to 1,000 hospitalizations, according to the study.

The study, by researchers at Harvard, Syracuse and Boston universities, finds that the “co-benefits” of cutting carbon include reductions in sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, particulate matter, and mercury, which have been linked to respiratory illness, heart attacks and early deaths.

“Addressing carbon pollution can address the other pollutants,” Jonathan Buonocore, a professor at Harvard’s School of Public Health and co-author of the study, said in a call with reporters Tuesday.

The study looked at three scenarios for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. One would only require changes at power plants. The second would set a state-based standard and allow reductions to come from throughout the electricity sector. The third would require power plants to make changes up to a certain cost.

The researchers said the second scenario yielded the most co-benefits, reducing greenhouse gas emissions 35 percent from 2005 levels, while cutting sulfur dioxide and mercury emissions 27 percent, and nitrogen oxide emissions 22 percent. That scenario also was the most similar to the draft standard for reducing power plant emission that the Environmental Protection Agency released in June, which calls for a 30 percent reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030. The EPA’s own estimates of the benefits of its draft rules projected that they would prevent 2,700 to 6,600 premature deaths.

The researchers stressed that the policy mechanisms used to reach the reductions were important. “It varies a great deal how you go about doing that,” said Joel Schwartz, also of Harvard’s School of Public Health. “It’s not something that’s automatic. Certain policy options will produce a lot more co-benefits for the same tons of CO2.”

The study found health benefits across the lower 48 states. Benefits were highest in places where more people are currently exposed to pollutants, and in the places with the worst air quality. Pennsylvania, Ohio, Texas, Illinois, Michigan, New York, North Carolina, Georgia, Missouri, Virginia, Tennessee and Indiana would see the most avoided deaths, the researchers concluded.

Food Tank's Fall Reading List: 20 Great Books About Food

Food Tank has selected 20 books that entertain, inform, and reaffirm the importance of food and agriculture. From sustainable seafood to ethical eating to field guides for food activists, these books highlight innovative and creative methods that are creating a better, more sustainable food system while educating and informing eaters and consumers.

The authors and editors that have contributed to this list make up some of the world’s leading experts on food justice and sustainable eating. Food Tank hopes the facts and information in these books will not only inspire people already involved in the food movement but also encourage readers to share and educate others.

American Catch by Paul Greenberg
In 2005, five billion pounds of seafood were imported into the United States. Greenberg takes a deep look into the seafood hubs of the U.S. and attempts to explain why 91 percent of the seafood North Americans eat is, in fact, imported. Through analyzing current crises, oil spills, and mining projects, Greenberg present solutions for a more sustainable future.

EAT UP: The Inside Scoop on Rooftop Agriculture by Lauren Mandel
This book has compiled case studies, resource checklists, and interviews with experts in order to help readers transform their rooftops into a fully functioning green space and a way to feed their family. There are three sections covering rooftop gardens, rooftop farms, and the rooftop agriculture industry that cater to various scales, goals, and skill levels. If you have ever dreamed of transforming your roof into a green space, this is the expert guide for you.

Ethical Eating in the Postsocialist and Socialist World by Yuson Jung, Jakob Klein, Melissa Caldwell
Buzzwords like organic, free range, and local have gained popularity, and eaters are focusing more on how food is produced and cultivated. This book explores the concept of “ethical food” and how the movement started in postsocialist and socialist societies. More specifically, it covers food systems and consumption of food in Bulgaria, China, Lithuania, Russia, Vietnam, and Cuba.

Feeding Frenzy: Land Grabs, Price Spikes, and the World Food Crisis by Paul McMahon
McMahon traces global food trends throughout history to identify patterns that may have contributed to current turmoil in the global food market. In some countries, obesity is rising at alarming rates while food is scarce in others. McMahon outlines the patterns that exist in a “feeding frenzy” and presents actions to create a more sustainable food system.

Food Between the Country and the City by Nuno Domingos, José Manuel Sobral, and Harry G. West
This book analyzes how the concepts of country and city in relation to food have changed the dynamic of how food is produced and sustained. This book looks at food on all production scales using ethnographic studies of peasant homes, small family farms, urban gardens, community gardens, state food industries, and large corporate supermarket chains.

Food Consumption in Global Perspective: Essays in the Anthropology of Food in Honour of Jack Goody by Jakob Klein and Anne Murott
Honoring the 1982 work of Jack Goody and his book Cooking, Cuisine, and Class: A Study in Comparative Sociology, this book looks at the evolution of food in a global context. As food is becoming more homogenized across the world and more restaurants and corporations are becoming transnational, there is a dramatic shift in the food people consume. This book compares locally and culturally specific methods of cultivating and eating food with transnational processes.

Food for City Building: A Field Guide for Planners, Actionists, & Entrepreneurs by Wayne Roberts
After serving as the manager of the Toronto Food Policy Council for ten years, Wayne Roberts chronicled his experiences and interactions with local food experts in the Food for City Living guide. Roberts has helped improve public health and environmental awareness in his community, and now he shares his experiences with readers.

Green Chefs: The Culinary Creatives Changing How We Eat by Brooke Jonsson
This three-volume electronic book was compiled by chefs who are using innovative methods to integrate new and exciting local foods into their established cuisines. Jonsson pairs personal recipes with in-depth interviews with expert chefs. Readers can begin to understand the passion and intrigue behind the dishes they will soon create.

Green Kitchen Travels: Vegetarian Food Inspired by Our Adventures by David Frenkiel and Luise Vindahl
Frenkiel and Vindahl journeyed around the world with their daughter Elsa in search of delicious, nutritious vegetarian and vegan food. From hunting for vegetarian restaurants in Beijing to bean sprout pad thai for lunch in Thailand, this book is a compilation of their experiences with easy-to-find ingredients and simple recipes.

In Search of the Perfect Loaf: A Home Baker’s Odyssey by Samuel Fromartz
From Berlin to Kansas, Fromartz searches for the perfect loaf and shares his love for bread. He chronicles his experience in France working at a boulangerie, where he created a deeper understanding of bread from seed to table. During his travels he met with historians, farmers, sourdough biochemists, millers, and more. This book is a result of his journey and takes a deep look into the story of handmade bread.

The Big Pivot: Radically Practical Strategies for a Hotter, Scarcer, and More Open World by Andrew Winston
According to Winston, the way companies currently operate will not allow them to keep up with the current and future challenges of climate change, scarcity, and transparency. He suggests companies need to make “the big pivot.” Winston provides ten strategies for leaders and companies to be sustainable and successful for the future using stories from Unilever, Nike, Walmart, and other major companies.

The Carnivore’s Manifesto: Eating Well, Eating Responsibly, and Eating Meat by Patrick Martins with Mike Edison
It can be difficult for meat-eaters to find ethically produced meat. Factory farms and fast food restaurants offer quick meals, but at what cost? Patrick Martins, founder of Slow Food USA and Heritage Foods USA, has much to say about sifting through all the packaging nonsense and determining whether or not meat is sustainably produced. With this knowledge, Martins encourages readers to engage in more sustainable consumption.

The Handbook of Food Research by Anne Murcott, Warren Belasco, and Peter Jackson
This book is a collection of essays from sociologists, researchers, and academics discussing food psychology, politics, history, geography, and economics. It contains some of the most recent and groundbreaking research in food science. Experts investigate topics such as the way globalization affects the food supply, understanding famine, the social meaning of meals, and more.

The Market Gardener by Jean-Martin Fortier
Les Jardins de la Grelinette is a 1.5-acre farm in Quebec, Canada run by Jean-Martin and Maude-Helène Fortier. Through their low-tech, high-yield cultivation practices they provide produce to more than 200 families. This book focuses on their methods of growing better rather than growing bigger.

The Political Economy of Arab Food Sovereignty by Jane Harrigan
Harrigan researches the global food price spikes from 2007 to 2011 as a trigger to the Arab Spring Revolution in 2011. This book provides a political and economic analysis of the history of food security in the Arab world, including the geopolitics of food. Harrigan examines food sovereignty in the Arab world and how it has driven domestic food production as well as land acquisition overseas.

The Soil Will Save Us by Kristin Ohlson
This book focuses on soil, an often overlooked resource. According to Ohlson, 80 percent of the carbon in the world’s soil has been lost. This book argues that soil is “our great green hope” and that by reestablishing carbon-fixing microbes in the soil, the Earth has a chance at reversing some of the effects of global warming.

To Eat with Grace, a selection of essays and poems from Orion Magazine
Orion Magazine has selected past articles and poetry that best exemplifiy what eating with grace truly means–staying connected with fellow humans. Personal relationships and connections can sustain eaters just as much as the food one eats. To Eat with Grace shows how there are many different ways food can nourish the body.

Waste Matters edited by David Evans, Hugh Campbell, and Anne Murcott
An alarming 1.3 billion tons of food is wasted globally each year. The authors of this book look at waste through sociological, economic, and cultural lenses in order to give the reader a full understanding of the current waste problem. The book explores issues such as social practices, the way food and waste are circulated in society, and dumpster diving. It highlights various initiatives and programs that aim to decrease the presence of food waste globally.

What a Plant Knows: A Field Guide to the Senses by Dr. Danny Chamovitz
People do not often consider plants as having “awareness” of the environment around them, but Dr. Danny Chamovitz, a biologist, would disagree wholeheartedly. By analyzing plant biology and diversity, Dr. Chamovitz is able to ascertain parallels between humans and plant species. He concludes humans may be more similar than the reader would think.

Why We Eat, How We Eat: Contemporary Encounters Between Foods and Bodies edited by Emma-Jayne Abbots and Anna Lavis
This book explores the intersection between food and body. Why We Eat, How We Eat recognizes eating as a tool for building relationships, silencing hunger, and more. This multi-disciplinary approach to how people eat may illuminate new ideas and perspectives that readers have ignored in the past.

Previous Book Lists:
Food Tank Summer 2014 Reading List

Food Tank Spring 2014 Reading List

Food Tank Fall 2013 Reading List

15 Books for Future Foodies

The Nation's Police Have a Sex-Discrimination Problem

The death of 18-year-old Michael Brown at the hands of a Ferguson, Missouri police officer last month prompted the Department of Justice to launch an investigation into Ferguson’s policing practices. (This investigation comes on the heels of a separate federal probe into the killing of Brown). The new investigation will look at departmental practices that may have led to Brown’s shooting and to other civil rights violations in the last several years. Five current and one former Ferguson police officer are currently facing federal lawsuits alleging the use of excessive force.

Attorney General Eric Holder also recently announced a new federal initiative to study racial bias and reduce tensions between law enforcement agencies and the communities they serve.

While conducting its investigations, we implore the Department of Justice to also examine how the gross underrepresentation of women in the Ferguson Police Department — and in police departments nationwide — aggravates excessive use of force problems and deteriorating police-community relations.

As I’ve written previously, research nationally and internationally for more than four decades has found that women police officers not only do the job of policing equally as well as men, but are not as authoritarian in their approach, use force less often, possess better communication skills and are better at defusing potentially violent confrontations than their male counterparts.

More than 20 years ago, the Feminist Majority Foundation (publisher of Ms.) urged the Christopher Commission, formed in the aftermath of the Rodney King beating, to do just that. The Commission did investigate and made some astounding findings: Within the Los Angeles Police Department, there were no women officers listed among those with the highest number of use-of-force reports, personnel complaints and officer-involved shootings. Women officers accounted for just 3.4 percent of those involved in or at the scenes of crimes where police actions later led to lawsuits against the department.

The Commission also found deep-rooted sex discrimination and sexist attitudes within the Los Angeles Police Department, concluding that this discrimination aggravated the excessive force problems within the LAPD by creating a disdain for women’s less violent approach to policing. Further, that the discrimination was preventing women from achieving equal numbers and reaching the highest ranks within the department.

So, to really get at the problem of police excessive force, the Department of Justice must also, as it examines the impact of racial bias, look at how increasing the numbers of women in policing holds the key to substantially decreasing police violence while also improving police relations with the community.

Women’s underrepresentation in policing is a problem across the country: Nationwide, small law enforcement agencies employ an average of 4-to-6-percent women, while larger ones employ about 15 percent. These numbers are from a Bureau of Justice Statistics survey in 2007. The last time the Feminist Majority Foundation surveyed police agencies in 2001, we found similar overall numbers. Additionally, we found that women of color are virtually absent from small departments (1.2 percent) and represent only 4.8 percent of officers in the largest agencies. Many of these larger agencies have been under court-ordered consent decrees to hire more women and minorities, the result of a wave of sex and race discrimination lawsuits dating from the 1970s. Yet these numbers have hardly budged over the last 20 years. (Men of color have made somewhat greater progress, though also remain underrepresented in police ranks.)

To get at why there are so few women in policing, the DOJ must scrutinize police hiring and recruiting practices that are keeping women’s numbers in law enforcement artificially low.

One major cause of the problem is that many law enforcement agencies, when recruiting police officers, are looking in the wrong places — at gyms and on military bases — where more men than women can be found, rather than seeking out nurses, teachers and social workers who possess conflict-resolution skills that are critical in reducing the use of excessive force. Even a history of violent behavior on the part of police recruits is often ignored. Indeed, research has shown a marked gender difference between women and men recruits — women applicants are less likely to have histories of violence than male applicants. Screening for this type of behavior would result in increased hiring of women and decreased hiring of physically aggressive men.

A second major contributor to the lack of women in law enforcement is the kind of unnecessary physical testing police agencies use in hiring. Thankfully, the DOJ is already tackling these types of discriminatory hiring practices: Earlier this summer, the DOJ announced that it is suing the Pennsylvania state police for sex discrimination. The lawsuit, filed in late July, alleges that the police used a physical fitness test in hiring state troopers that disadvantaged women and included physical feats not required for the job. In fact, no studies have ever substantiated the use of physical testing in police hiring — women can do the job just as well as men and physical tests are simply designed to keep them out.

The DOJ won a similar sex-discrimination case in Corpus Christi, Texas, last year after suing that city’s police department under Title XII. In response to the suit, the police department replaced its physical abilities test with a Title XII-compliant procedure and offered back pay to women who had failed the test and been disqualified from positions with the agency.

Imagine a police department where there are as many women police officers as men, and where police officers reflect the racial diversity of the communities they serve. A balanced, well-trained force that would be more likely, when officers come upon a situation like they faced with Michael Brown, to diffuse rather than escalate the situation. That’s a police force a community can believe in.

'Green News Report' – September 30, 2014

The Green News Report is also available via…

IN TODAY’S RADIO REPORT: Good news: President Obama creates the world’s largest marine sanctuary; Bad news: humans have wiped out half of the world’s wildlife; Scientists find humans to blame for Australia’s hottest year in history; PLUS: A major oil company joins Google in breaking up with Rightwing climate change-denying front group ALEC… All that and more in today’s Green News Report!

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Got comments, tips, love letters, hate mail? Drop us a line at GreenNews@BradBlog.com or right here at the comments link below. All GNRs are always archived at GreenNews.BradBlog.com.

IN ‘GREEN NEWS EXTRA’ (see links below): World War Fee: Utilities Holding Action on the Solar Revolution; Auditors Fault EPA for Lax Chemical Safeguards; California becomes first state to ban plastic bags; Tiny Spanish Island Nears 100 Percent Renewable Energy; Alaska Judge Dismisses Pebble Lawsuit Against EPA As Premature; Willie Nelson, Neil Young Lend Their Talents to Keystone XL Fight … PLUS: China’s Haves and Have Nots: Clean air, water only for those who can afford it … and much, MUCH more! …

‘Green News Report’ is heard on many fine radio stations around the country. For additional info on stories we covered today, plus today’s ‘Green News Extra’, please click right here to listen!…

The Retirement Crisis is Real

The retirement crisis is anything but imaginary. In a recent working paper, we find that only 44 percent of workers in the United States have access to a retirement plan at work. Except for workers with defined benefit plans, most middle class U.S. workers will not have adequate retirement income — 55 percent of near-retirees will only have Social Security income at age 65.

Yet, in their Wall Street Journal opinion piece titled “The Imaginary Retirement Income Crisis,” Mr. Andrew Biggs and Mr. Sylvester Schieber make a number of startling and misleading claims.

First, they claim that the average U.S. retiree has an income equal to 92% of the average American income. Yet, the latest data from the American Community Survey show that the median income of U.S. retirees [1] is less than $16,000 compared to the median American worker’s income of $31,000 – hardly 92 percent. [2] Retired workers received an average of $1,294 per month in Social Security benefits as of December 2013; that adds up to a paltry $15,528 per year – far from a princely sum to live on when one’s medical bills and the expenses of old age are racking up.

Second, Biggs and Schieber assert that if Social Security benefits are increased, the country will likely experience lower employment and saving rates. Our new study shows the exact opposite. Social Security benefits actually boost the economy during recessions as beneficiaries maintain spending power in a downturn.

Third, Mr. Biggs and Mr. Schieber rightly use a reasonable measure of adequacy — retirees’ ability to maintain living standards compares retirement income to work earnings. They refer to a Social Security Administration’s Office of Retirement and Disability Policy (ORDP) report to note that in 2012 the income of the median 67-year-old exceeded his career average earnings. But it would be a mistake to make much of this statement. The median 67-year-old in the ORDP report is taken from a pool of individuals who continue to work and thus have higher earnings and higher years of education than the typical 67 year old. Recent work by Gary Burtless shows that 67-year-old men with professional degrees are three times more likely to be working than men with a high-school education or less. This ORDP pool from which the median in drawn also includes individuals who are claiming Social Security benefits. This helps explain why their incomes appear higher than their career averages.

Fourth, Biggs and Schieber claim that the typical Gen-X (born between 1966 and 1975) household will have higher replacement rates than Depression-era birth cohorts. This claim is misleading because it uses an unorthodox measure of replacement rates. The ORDP report actually shows that the more common measure, wage-adjusted replacement rates, has deteriorated overtime. Depression and WWII-era birth cohorts have replacement rates of 95% and 98%, while future retirees (born between 1966 and 1975) will have projected replacement rates of 84 percent.

Finally, survey after survey shows that retirement security is among the top worry for Americans. If things were as rosy as Mr. Biggs and Mr. Schieber state, why is everyone so afraid?

It is very interesting that Mr. Biggs and Schieber decide to use the cited ORDP report to claim that the retirement crisis is imaginary. One of the major findings of this report is that gains in retirement income are largely going to higher socioeconomic groups (whites, the college educated, high earners, and workers with strong labor force attachments). In the age of inequality, the retirement crisis is real.

People need more savings for retirement. Mandatory, protected, and regulated individual accounts in addition to a robust Social Security system will ensure that all Americans have an adequate retirement income and can choose to work or not in their old age.

End Notes:

[1] U.S. retirees are defined as Americans who are older than 60, are out of the labor force, and had no income from earnings.

[2] The median worker is defined from a sample of Americans 60 years of age or younger, who were in the labor force.

Even Gladiators Would've Changed the Redskins Name

The Daily Show‘s bit on the meeting of die-hard Redskins fans with Native Americans who oppose the use of the epithet as a football team’s name was disappointingly tame. Where were the high emotions, the tears, and the outrage of those poor beleaguered fans who found themselves “ambushed” by those who find the name deeply hurtful and insulting? Where was the woman who called the police on the show, as reported by The Washington Post?

Even so, as I watched, I couldn’t help but be amazed at intransigence of the team’s fans. Especially knowing that even blood-thirsty ancient Romans showed more sensitivity to naming conventions in similar situations.

Turns out, ancient Romans had no qualms about changing the names of gladiator types if some of their own citizens found the names insulting or demeaning. In other words, guys who disemboweled men for kicks and giggles were more respectful than the clueless “Caesar” (Dan Snyder) of today’s Washington football team.

I discovered this surprising Roman “sensitivity” while researching my novel set in a struggling gladiatorial school. There used to be a gladiator-fighter type called “Samnite.” Rome defeated Samnium in central Italy in the fourth century BCE. Soon after, Romans mocked the vanquished Samnites by having gladiators dress up like their defeated warriors. The “Samnite” became an official gladiator type. In other words, it became the Washington Redskins of the ancient world — a deeply offensive, derogatory epithet to a certain portion of the population.

The Romans eventually replaced the Samnite moniker with a more innocuous fighter type/name (secutor or hoplomachus). Why? Because according to an expert on the subject, “it would have been offensive to the Samnites, now allies [and citizens of Rome] to feature them in the arena” in that way.

Let me repeat: ancient Romans dropped the name because it would’ve been offensive to a portion of their own citizenship.

Generations later, the Romans changed yet another name/type of gladiator — the Gaul — because they realized that it too insulted its own Gaulish Roman citizens. They didn’t always change the names of gladiator types (they kept the “Thracian” as a fighter type, but that may have had more to do with resentment over a certain Thracian named Spartacus), but when they did, it came out of a sense of respect.

Think about that. The owners of the most savage athletes in the history of the world — men who gloried in the arterial blood spray of their defeated opponents, men who battled lions and bears, men whose job was to “kill or be killed” — understood what was at stake when it came to naming conventions that disparaged segments of their own citizenry.

Remember, there was no such thing as political correctness in ancient Rome. The Romans changed the names/types of fighters as a nod of respect to their own citizens.

Two thousands years ago violent, revenge-or-die Romans could see that words matter. Why can’t the owners of today’s Washington team?

If only Jon Stewart could’ve somehow arranged to have Redskin fans try to convince a blood-drenched gladiator that names don’t matter. Now that would’ve made for a far more incendiary bit of television.

Path Talk update lets you text businesses (sort of)

Path-Talk-header-664x374Path updated their Talk app today, and it brings in one striking feature that might have you using their messaging app. You can now text your questions to a business, and get an answer back in a few minutes. Well, on your end it looks like you’re texting a business — it’s a bit more complex than that, though. Under … Continue reading

The iPhone 6 Plus Is Great For Gamers

iPhone 6 Plus gaming With the iPhone 6 Plus, Apple has stepped into the “phablet” category by scaling the hardware of the six up while (in some ways) scaling the software from the iPad down. The result is a device that you can use all day to do some of the quick tasks we always do on our phones while also consuming media as you would on a tablet. Read More

Rape-aXe: Anti-Rape Condom Helps Women Fight Back

Rape-aXe condomsSouth Africa is the rape capital of the world, and one woman wanted to change that. Blood technician Sonnet Ehlers worked with many rape victims and after hearing one patient say she wished she had teeth down there, Ehlers created Rape-aXe, a condom that fights back against attackers. Could this be the solution to South Africa’s rape epidemic?

The Dirty, Dilapidated, and Delightful Water Towers of New York City

The Dirty, Dilapidated, and Delightful Water Towers of New York City

New Yorkers: How well do you know your local skyline? Enough to be able to tell these 23 water towers apart, and place them in the borough where they belong? It’s a day ending in “y” which means—hey look, Popchartlab has a new print out! This time the team has icon-ized a selection of the city’s distinctive (and often very dirty ) elevated tanks.

Read more…