Q&A With Sara Raasch, Author of Debut YA Series Snow Like Ashes

Snow Likes Ashes is the best book I’ve read so far in 2014. It’s got it all – epic travel, forbidden romance and wild, untamed magic.

In fact, I loved the book so much, I chose it as the October selection for Uppercase, a YA book subscription box.

The story follows Meira, one of the only survivors after her homeland, the Kingdom of Winter, was conquered and its citizens enslaved, leaving them without magic or a monarch. When scouts discover the location of the ancient locket that can restore Winter’s magic, Meira decides to go after it herself.

Snow Likes Ashes is the first in a 3-part young adult fantasy series by Sara Raasch. I asked her a few questions about strong female characters, the first draft she wrote at 12 years old and what’s in store for the rest of the series.

What books have been influential to you as an individual and as a writer?

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SR: The book/series that has been the most influential to me is Sharon Shinn’s the Twelve Houses series. I read these books in high school and fell in love with her world and characters — everything was so immersive, vibrant, and REAL, and I remember reading it and thinking “THIS. I want to write a book like this!” I still re-read this series when I’m feeling overwhelmed or stressed, because the story and world just feels like home now.

Because Snow Like Ashes is a story you’ve been thinking about since you were 12, how has it changed from its inception to publication?

SR: It’s nearly unrecognizable! The story I wrote when I was twelve is similar to the story now in only a few things — the Season Kingdoms, the evil Spring King, and the spunky Winterian fighter, Meira. All the other characters and kingdoms changed completely. There used to be dozens of kingdoms; now there are eight. Meira used to live in a small village; now she lives with seven other refugees in nomadic camps. Even the title is different — it used to be Giving Light, and now is Snow Like Ashes.

Though it may seem like the original draft has no real bearing on the published book, it still has a special place in my heart. Without it, Snow Like Ashes wouldn’t exist!

Meira is a strong, fierce heroine who I absolutely adored. Did you take any real life inspiration to build this character?

SR: Meira is who I wanted to be as a teenager. I was terribly insecure and meek, so when I worked on the early drafts of Snow Like Ashes in high school, Meira became this confident, strong character that I could use as a beacon for myself. “See? If Meira can survive the horrible things the Spring King does to her, then I can survive high school.”

The world of Primoria is so rich with details. How did you go about creating an entirely new fantasy world?

SR: I feel like I should have some deep, meaningful explanation of intense studying and pondering, but really, I used Pinterest. A lot. I’d make boards for each kingdom, then pin outfits, architecture, food, songs — piecing together entire cultures. Pinterest is invaluable in this regard, in that I could actually SEE what a kingdom would look like.

As for the specifics: most of the kingdoms in Primoria are based loosely on cultures in our world. The Kingdom of Winter (when it wasn’t, you know, enslaved and overtaken) has a Greek-based culture; Autumn, a mix of Arabian and Thai; Summer, African/Islander; Cordell, Nordic/English; Yakim, French/Germanic; Ventralli, Italian, specifically Venetian; and Paisly, Eastern European. The details are sometimes very, very subtle, but these are the overall cultural feelings I was going for in these kingdoms!

What’s something you know now that you wish you could tell your 12-year-old self?

SR: It’s going to be okay.

What’s it been like to hear reactions from fans about your book?

SR: So surreal! For almost thirteen years, this story has been nothing but in my own little head. When people tell me they love Theron or they adored a certain scene, it always throws me for a second, and my initial reaction is “HOW HAVE YOU READ THIS??” in a kind of panic. But it’s so amazingly fun to get to talk to people about this book now!

You must give us some hints about what’s in store in book 2!

SR: Book 2! Oh Book 2. For one, I’ll be announcing the title sometime this winter (yay!). But I’ve taken to calling Book 2 “The Book Where Everyone Dies,” because, well, a lot of people end up dying. *evil cackle*

As for something happy: there’s quite a bit more romance at the beginning now, owed entirely to my editor. I wanted to jump right into the stressful bits, but she reined me in and insisted we spend at least a few minutes in happy-kissy-land. So there’s that to look forward to!

Follow Sara on Twitter and Tumblr.

Read the full book review here.

3 Crucial Money To-Dos for Every Decade of Life

You know the saying, “Life is a marathon, not a sprint”? Well, it’s actually a good money mantra, too.

Translation: All too often, we race through the nitty-gritty details of our finances and neglect to focus on crucial to-dos in the process — like saving for retirement long before those golden years approach.

But if you adopt a marathon approach to money, it can allow you to take a more holistic look at your overall financial picture to see how decisions that you make in your 20s and 30s can impact your 40s, 50s and beyond.

Of course, no matter how old you are, financial health usually boils down to the same three basic goals: paying off credit card debt, growing your emergency fund and saving for retirement. But the way you approach these tasks — and other money priorities — may change as you age.

That’s why we tapped Natalie Taylor, a CFP® with LearnVest Planning Services, to help make it simpler for you to begin taking more of a marathon tact with your finances by highlighting three of the top money to-dos she believes should be on everyone’s radar in their 20s, 30s, 40s and 50s.

3 of the Top Money To-Dos for Your 20s
This is the time when you should be laying the groundwork for a bright financial future, Taylor says. One of the best ways to start? Consider creating a budget and tracking your expenses — then test it out for several months to make sure it’s realistic for you, adjusting it as need be. “This seems like a basic step, but a lot of people miss it,” Taylor adds.

RELATED: The One-Number Strategy: A New Approach to Budgeting

The reality is that your finances are likely a lot simpler now than they will be in the future, when you may be juggling priorities like saving for a down payment on a house while also starting a family. So this is why your 20s are an ideal time to establish good money habits — like getting that emergency fund going — that can help carry you through the next decades.

1. Tackle Credit Card Debt
It’s easy to think that delaying debt repayment until you’re older and making more money is a good idea, but this strategy rarely pans out. Because as you make more, your expenses usually increase, too.

“Instead of renting, you’re now going to buy a house, or you’re combining finances with a partner, or you decide to have a family,” Taylor explains. “All that extra money that seemed like it would make things so much easier suddenly isn’t there.”

This is why now is the time to work on breaking the credit-card-debt cycle for good — but make sure you’re approaching this goal strategically. A common mistake to avoid? Making giant repayments when you haven’t properly budgeted for them.

It may seem like a good idea, but you risk running out of cash and then having to withdraw it from your savings account, or worse, running up your credit card bill again just to stay afloat. Instead, take a more measured approach, and be realistic about how much you can afford to repay at once — then stick to the plan.

RELATED: How to Be a Financial Virgin Again… at Any Age

2. Start an Emergency Fund
While you’re busy paying down your debt, don’t forget what you should be building upemergency savings. To help accomplish this goal, Taylor suggests setting up a direct deposit from your paycheck into a high-yield savings account, so you aren’t tempted to spend that money before you can save it.

Ideally, you should aim to have six times your take-home pay saved up in your emergency fund. But if that figure seems too lofty a goal, your number-one priority is to save one month’s worth of income. (We hereby give you permission to focus on this goal even before working toward others, like paying more than the minimum on your credit card bill.) Then graduate to a goal of three months’ worth of pay — and build up from there.

RELATED: 7 Reasons You Need an Emergency Fund

3. Get in the Habit of Saving for Retirement
At this point in your life, retirement is far off, and your 401(k) probably isn’t the first place you want to put any extra hard-earned cash. But it can be important to start saving as early as you can: Even small amounts can make a big difference over time, thanks to the beauty of compound returns.

Start contributing a percentage of your paycheck that feels reasonable to you, and then plan to increase it by 1 percent every six months until you max out. And don’t forget to fully take advantage of an employer match if your company offers one — otherwise, you’re leaving free money on the table, and trust us, you’ll probably need it later.

3 of the Top Money To-Dos for Your 30s
During this decade, your financial goals are likely to get a bit more complicated. Many people are still paying off credit card debt and student loans, working on building emergency savings and kicking retirement savings into high gear — while also saving for a house down payment and perhaps thinking about starting a family.

So what’s the secret to juggling it all?

You can’t just work on one goal at a time, but you also don’t want to spread yourself too thin, Taylor says. “I look at income like a fire hose,” she explains. “If you try to fill too many buckets, none of them are going to get very full.”

So she suggests narrowing it down by focusing on your biggest three or four goals. If you haven’t mastered the big three — paying off credit card debt, building an emergency fund and minding your retirement savings — then those should automatically be your top priorities. But once you’ve addressed your basic financial security needs, you can start contributing to other goals, like saving for a house or your kids’ college.

RELATED: Checklist: I Want to Set Financial Goals for Myself

1. Continue to Hack Away at Debt
If you’re still paying down your credit card balances, concentrate on the card with the highest interest rate, while paying the minimum on the others. This will help free you up to focus on other financial priorities sooner — and help you pay less in the long run.

Ideally, you should also be close to paying off your student loans in your 30s — or, at least, paying down a significant chunk of them. If you have low interest rates (under 4 percent), there’s no need to rush to pay them off, enabling you to contribute to other financial goals in tandem. But if you’re paying higher interest rates (6 percent or more), tackling those loans as quickly as possible should be top of mind — and your to-do list — after you’ve achieved financial security.

2. Grow Your Kids’ Numbers Too
Little ones may also be entering the picture, and you’ll probably have to plan for child care costs, as well as starting to save for college. For the latter, consider opening a 529 plan and contributing what you can now to help defray tuition costs and other college fees down the road. Just remember that not all college savings plans are created equal — those sold by investment advisers tend to carry higher fees than 529s you can buy directly from the state, for example — so do your homework before deciding which one is best for your family’s needs.

RELATED: The Ins and Outs of 529s: What You Should Know About College Savings

3. Reassess Your Insurance Needs
Big life events — getting married, having kids, buying a house — can be trigger points for examining whether your insurance needs are being appropriately met. If you have dependents, securing life insurance now will help them maintain financial security in the future if anything should happen to you.

To further protect yourself and those you love, you should also consider both short- and long-term disability insurance in the event that an injury or illness ever prevents you from earning an income, adds Taylor. Start by looking into group policies available through your employer. Otherwise, you can shop around for the best life and disability rates with different insurance carriers or work with a broker you trust. Just keep in mind that they’re usually earning a commission.

RELATED: 13 Things That May Make Life Insurance More Expensive

3 of the Top Money To-Dos for Your 40s
This is the decade to consider really hunkering down and making sure you’re on top of your money. At this point in your life, you probably want to be out of the credit-card-debt cycle and have your student loans paid off. And as you make more, don’t forget to keep padding your emergency fund if possible and revisiting your retirement projections — while also paying attention to other ways to grow your money.

1. Make Retirement Savings Your Priority
If you have kids, you may be feeling the need to put your retirement savings on hold in favor of saving for college tuition. Well, as the old saying goes: You can borrow for college, but you can’t borrow for retirement.

During your 40s, it’s critical to understand how much you should be saving for retirement — and help ensure that it comes first. So you should probably only consider putting money into junior’s college fund if you’ve paid off bad debt and student loans, have a solid emergency fund and your retirement savings are on track.

Now is also a great time to consider how you can pad your nest egg with freelance or consulting work on the side, which can also help enable you to set the groundwork for having more income-generating options once you’ve stopped working full-time.

2. Focus Your Investments
Although you may not have paid much attention to portfolio management in your 30s, you’ve probably started accumulating some wealth by your 40s. These are typically your high-earning years, which makes it a good time to become more thoughtful about whether you’re investing in the right way.

“It’s important to do goal-oriented investing,” Taylor says. What this means is that every investment has a purpose or goal associated with it, enabling you to invest each account according to your time horizon and your risk tolerance for each goal. For example, if a portion of your portfolio is earmarked for your kids’ college fund, and they are less than 10 years away from high school graduation, consider making sure your investment allocation for that account is more conservative than funds you’re saving for a retirement that’s decades away.

RELATED: Should You Be Investing?

3. Splurge — Within Reason
Just because you’re making more money doesn’t give you license to get too big for your financial britches. “People often fall into this pattern in their 40s,” says Taylor. “All the other stuff is settled, and things are simpler from a financial standpoint.”

So before you take off on that three-week trip to Tahiti or embark on a pricey home renovation, make sure your financial picture is truly in tip-top shape. “I’m all about balance — savoring what you spend and enjoying life today, but also planning for tomorrow,” says Taylor. “As long as important financial goals are being met, do the remodel or take that dream vacation.”

3 of the Top Money To-Dos for Your 50s
Welcome to the “sandwich generation” years, when you may start to feel stuck between supporting your kids and taking care of aging parents.

But while you’ll likely be facing many pulls on your money, it’s OK to put yourself financially first. After all, there’s a lot that should still be on your radar: retirement, long-term care for yourself, mortgage payments and portfolio management — just to name a few.

1. Revisit Your Savings and Investing Goals
Your 50s are a key time to fully prep for retirement, whether it’s five years away or 15. At this point, says Taylor, you should be “all in,” saving as aggressively as you can.

So portfolio management can become even more critical now. “It’s time to focus on preparing your portfolio to shift from growth to a combination of growth and income,” says Taylor.

Typically, this means reducing risk, which can be accomplished by reducing stock holdings and increasing the percentage of bonds. “You’ll also probably want to re-examine the fees you pay within your portfolio, and look for a discount brokerage firm to hold your accounts with low-cost index funds and exchange-traded funds available,” adds Taylor.

As you get closer to retirement, your emergency savings goal should now be one to two years of cash. “This way, if a ‘2008’ hits the year you retire, you can just spend cash,” says Taylor.

RELATED: How Do You Rebalance an Investment Portfolio?

2. Prioritize Your Needs Over That of Your Kids
During this decade of life, “I see a lot of clients struggling with figuring out how much they can afford to support a grown child,” Taylor says. Bottom line: Even though it can be tough, continue to put yourself first. “The clock is ticking, and there’s a very real possibility you may not get to work as long as you want,” adds Taylor.

RELATED: Where Do You Draw the Line With Adult Children?

3. Make Key Retirement Decisions
“Many of my clients say, ‘I don’t really know what health insurance covers. I don’t know what Medicare covers. I know it’s something I need to think about, but I’ve heard long-term care is crazy expensive,'” Taylor says.

Well, now is the time to get educated.

“Learn about what long-term-care costs can look like, look at your finances to see what the impact would be if long-term care were needed for you or your partner, and then decide if insurance is the best way to meet that need or not,” Taylor says. “Don’t wait to make the decision until your 60s, when it gets really expensive.”

You’ll also probably want to revisit your estate plan — your last will and testament, living will, power of attorney — and confirm that your beneficiaries are up-to-date on your life insurance and retirement accounts. Prepare a similar form — called “transfer on death” — for all your taxable accounts including checking, savings and brokerage. “You want to make sure you’re planning for the next 20 to 30 years today,” Taylor says.

RELATED: 6 Documents Everyone Should Have to Protect Their Finances

This post originally appeared on LearnVest.

More From LearnVest
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10 Things to Know About Money After 50

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'Ghosting:' The 21st-Century Dating Problem Everyone Talks About, But No One Knows How To Deal With

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Illustrations by Jason St. Angelo

After three months of dating, 23-year-old Michael was optimistic about his relationship with Linda*. They were together often, and he’d even met her parents. One night at dinner, the “where is this going?” conversation came up. Michael and Linda mutually agreed that they wanted to move forward in the relationship. He dropped her off at home, kissed her goodnight … and never heard from her again.

After his attempts to reach her went unanswered, Michael put on his cute-guy hat and delivered Linda’s favorite cupcakes to her office — only to find out his name had been removed from the guest list at the gate.

Ghosted.

The term “ghosting” (sometimes known as the “slow fade”) refers to the anecdotally pervasive act where one dater ends a relationship by simply disappearing. The ghost does not give an explanation of any sort, leaving the ghosted wondering where he or she went wrong.

This phenomenon isn’t new, of course — prehistoric daters sat by their curly-corded phones waiting for their ghosts to call, and assumed that call must have come when he or she was out of the house. (The Discovery Channel has yet to confirm the anecdote, but current 20-somethings speculate as much.)

But in an era of Tinder, OKCupid, JSwipe and Hinge, matchmaking often happens by swiping right and left, making potential daters literally disposable. The ease of app and online dating has allowed ghosting to take new form. Chelsea, a 25-year-old Manhattanite who has been both a ghost and a ghostee says the fast-paced, onto-the-next mentality of online dating makes the need for an “it’s not me, it’s you,” conversation irrelevant. “Even after one or two dates they are still just a profile to you, not a person. I don’t feel the normal empathy I would for someone I met organically,” she said.

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Logan Levkoff, sexologist and expert on “Married At First Sight,” explained that online dating and apps take the humanity out of the process a bit, which could make users prone to being ghosted. “[Because] all it takes is a swipe,” she said. “The quantity [of how many people experience ghosting] is more because it’s so easy to do and it requires very little human engagement in order to do it.”

In fact, in a poll conducted by YouGov and The Huffington Post, respondents ages 18-29 were more likely to admit they’ve experienced ghosting on either end than any other age group.

Breaking Up Is Hard To Do

Dating is, in some ways, a metaphor for Halloween. (‘Tis the season, go with me here.) Trick-or-treaters go from house to house, tasting all different types of “candy” (aka men or women) until they’re completely exhausted. They go home, put on comfier clothes, consume literal candy until they can’t even breathe declaring to their friends, “I’M NEVER DOING THIS AGAIN.” That is, until a cute guy or gal … er, Hershey bar … messages them.

In a 2012 study, researchers identified seven types of breakup strategies. Trick-or-treaters polled considered confrontation the best way to breakup, while they classified ghosting (avoiding/withdrawing from contact with your partner) the least ideal method to end a relationship. The YouGov/Huffington Post Poll confirmed these sentiments. Only 13 percent of 1,000 adults polled consider breaking up electronically very appropriate or somewhat appropriate.

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But while most don’t condone ghosting, that doesn’t seem to influence whether they’ll do it to someone else.

Chelsea admits that’s the case for her and a bunch of her friends. “I’m a total hypocrite in that respect. I’ll ghost someone without a second thought but when it happens to me I’m the first to run to my girlfriends in disbelief saying, ‘The least he could do is let me down easy,'” she said, adding, “It’s probably karma.”

So, Is Ghosting Morally Wrong?

New York-based location scout Victoria Carter protested the slow-fade in a 2013 blog post on XOJane. “When you disappear into the ether without any indication why, all I can do is come up with a million and a half reasons why you’re not into me,” she wrote. Ghost victims have certainly been there and done that too, wondering… He could be out of the country without cellphone service, maybe she really is busy at work, Miranda’s date actually died in one SATC episode… it could happen.

ghost

To members of Ghosters Anonymous, Carter continued, “Until you close the door and close it completely, I can hold on to that tiny unrealistic shred of hope that you DO still want to hang out, and that maybe you’ll call (text, who am I kidding, nobody calls anymore and I hate it) and it’ll all be great.”

But Greg Behrendt, author of the best-selling book turned movie, He’s Just Not That Into You, firmly believes that silence speaks louder than any words could. “What I find weird is that there has to be an explanation after two dates. If someone doesn’t call you after a couple days, that should be enough to say, he’s just not that… oh God, I don’t want to quote myself,” he said (quoting himself anyway).

It’s simple, and there’s no need to contemplate the many “reasons” a date is unresponsive, he explained. “When someone’s not texting you and you see they’ve read your text, then you should really get it,” said Behrendt, who recently co-authored a book with his wife, appropriately called, It’s Just A Fucking Date.

Defending ghost tendencies in an Oct. 2013 post on Slate, writer Amanda Hess echoed that sentiment:

The idea that a direct message is necessary to cement a relationship’s end is yet another obfuscation. When it comes to modern digital relationships, the rhythm of the exchange tells us as much as its literal content, and it doesn’t take any specialized skill to read between the lines. If you’re initiating all the texts in the relationship, the recipient just isn’t that into you; if you’re not getting any texts back, the recipient isn’t into you at all.

Yes, lack of response from someone you’re digging feels crappy. But is it morally wrong? Behrendt doesn’t think so — and he can’t understand why humans can’t apply the same understanding about changed feelings to relationship as they do to virtually everything else.

“Feelings change about a lot of things… about a band, about a food, about certain things you thought were fun that you don’t think are fun anymore. But it becomes so profound in relationships like, ‘that’s never happened in the history of relationships and why would he just walk away?’ Well haven’t you just walked away from a million different things in your life because you weren’t into it? It’s the universe taking care of you saying, ‘”I’m sorry but that particular thing is over, go this way,'” he said.

But… What About R-E-S-P-E-C-T?

On the flip side, Levkoff feels offering an explanation — even if it’s a short one — is just part of being a standup woman or man. “It’s nice to be able to say to someone, ‘Listen I’ve enjoyed getting to know you, but I don’t think this is going to move forward in a romantic way,'” she said.

The likelihood is that you’re not going to feel great if a relationship ends, be it one minute or a year. So a statement like that might hurt feelings, “but it means they respect you if they care enough to be upfront with what’s going on,” she said.

Plus, without a conversation, you run the risk of a ghost coming back to life. “When nothing else is going on those people tend to show up again, and then you’re like what happened for all that other time?,” Levkoff said.

Writing about the subject on The Date Report in May, reporter Sara Ashley O’Brien explained that ghosting just prolongs the time it takes to move on:

A simple acknowledgment of an appreciation for the time we did spend together, “Hey, I had a fun few dates with you but I don’t think we’re right for each other beyond that,” would provide so much more closure. It’s always a blow, but you can get over it in a few days. When the ghost disappears, you spend the first few days wondering when you’re going to get a text back and then weeks trying to figure out what went wrong.

At the end of the day, Levkoff explained, it’s each ghost for himself. “We have to take ownership and hold ourselves accountable,” she said.

It’s not them, it’s you?

In the days post-ghosting, the unanswered often retrace the ghost’s steps, looking for possible clues as to why he or she disappeared. “I don’t get it, we had such a great time on our date,” or “He promised he would call! There were no signs!” are frequent quotes that friends of ghosting victims hear.

But Behrendt believes that’s never the case — there are always signs. “Part of it is the way you set the relationship up, and what you allow to happen so that somebody is going to be able to escape,” he said. That’s the big problem with #kidsthesedays and relationships via text or Tinder or Hinge. If the majority of your “relationship” takes place on one of these platforms, there’s a surefire sign that the receiver of your iMessages might disappear. Rule of thumb, Behrendt warns: “If it’s not in person, it’s not real.”

But given that not-in-person early courtships aren’t going anywhere — what’s a woman or man who wants to avoid being ghosted to do?

Ghosts don’t necessarily have personality patterns, and so, the onus is on you to be clear and upfront. Echoing Behrendt’s take, Levkoff said, “If we don’t acknowledge what we want right from the start, if the beginning of your relationship is about texting back and forth and the conversation is fairly benign and short, it lends itself to easy in, easy out she said.”

That’s one place where dating sites and apps might actually lend themselves, she explained. It’s very easy to start a Tinder conversation with, “Hey, so why are you on here?” for example.

Levkoff advises throwing the idea that that type of conversation is “off-limits” out the window. “I don’t believe there are any rules when it comes to love and sex and relationships. I think if there’s something you want, you should be upfront about it. I don’t think game playing makes sense at all, and if someone doesn’t respond well to directness, then they weren’t the right person anyway,” she said.

And if your potentials keep disappearing, take a step back and look in the mirror (unless of course, you are the ghost, in which case, owning a mirror would be quite silly). Ask yourself these questions: “Is there something with the people you’re meeting? What do they have in common? What are you looking for that’s causing the same outcome over and over again?,” Levkoff said.

Behrendt adds a few more warning signs to watch out for: “Look at where he wanted to meet you, look at what his plans were, look at how difficult he was to get in touch with.”

And if you’re unhappy with the answers to those prompts, rest easy knowing that even the most notorious ghosts will change their stripes when the right person comes along. Right, Casper?

*Name has been changed

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Matt McGorry Looks Forward To When 'We Don't Have To Talk About It Being A Woman Or A Black Woman' In Charge

Matt McGorry is currently living every actor’s dream by working on TV shows produced by Shonda Rhimes and Jenji Kohan. They are two of Hollywood’s biggest powerhouse successes, and they also happen to be women, which means the discussion about their work spotlights their role as pioneers in a male-dominated field. But McGorry is looking forward to a time when that’s no longer part of the conversation.

McGorry stars in “How To Get Away With Murder” and “Orange Is The New Black” — both shows with a tremendous amount of racial and gender diversity. The actor told HuffPost Live’s Ricky Camilleri on Oct. 30 that there is “absolutely” an inherent sexism in the way the media talks about Kohan and Rhimes, as demonstrated most recently by an ill-conceived piece lauding Rhimes’ success as a “angry black woman.”

These “growing pains,” McGorry explained, hopefully contribute to an important cultural evolution.

I have faith in humanity, but I also think that people can’t skip this stage of it. I think that to get to the ideal stage of it, where we don’t have to talk about it being a woman or a black woman and this and that, it has to go through this stage, because there’s a lot of people who don’t understand … what it should be. That shift is growing pains, I think — things that should be avoided, hopefully, but also I think something that is a sign things are moving toward the right path.

See McGorry’s full comments on sexism in the video above, and click here for the full HuffPost Live conversation.

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Plague Plots – Dispatches from Gabriel García Márquez

Can the accounts and depictions transmitted by Love in the Time of Cholera help us cope with Ebola?


Love in the Time of Cholera

Cartagena, Colombia. 1880 – 1930.
The contagions, contractions, and quarantines brought on by cholera epidemics serve as cautionary tales regarding public health, and, eventually, provide “cover” for a long-festering romantic “infection.”

A third of the way into this novel (so evocative of place, time, and social taboos), the reader learns that, as a young physician, Dr. Juvenal Urbino had gained justifiable acclaim in battling cholera, along with “atavistic superstitions,” ignorance, and municipal intransigence.

“His obsession was the dangerous lack of sanitation” – he persisted in advocating for closing open sewers that had become immense breeding grounds for rats; and for establishing “obligatory training courses” that would teach the poor “how to build their own latrines.” Centuries of indiscriminate garbage disposal had turned mangrove thickets into “swamps of putrefaction,” and so he pushed for regular incineration at uninhabited areas.

Life in the Time of Putrefaction

Of special concern was the lack of hygiene in the public market: The market was “set on its own garbage heap, at the mercy of capricious tides… where the bay belched filth from the sewers back onto the land.” To compound matters, “the offal from the adjoining slaughterhouse was also thrown away there – severed heads, rotting viscera, animal refuse floated there, in sunshine and starshine, in a swamp of blood.”

Fouled drinking water had long posed a widespread “mortal threat.” Dr. Urbino’s “renovating spirit” along with his “maniacal sense of civic duty” brought about some purification measures.

The first victims of cholera “were struck down in the standing water of the marketplace” and the cemeteries were soon filled to overflowing. Two orchards and cattle ranches had to be repurposed for interments. The hasty three-deep coffin-less burials “had to be stopped because the brimming ground turned into a sponge that oozed sickening, infected blood at every step.”

“Life” in the Time of Quarantine

The young physician’s zeal and commitment is explained in large part by his discovery that his father (a physician who dealt with cholera thirty years before) had retreated to a complete self-quarantine “when he recognized in himself the irreversible symptoms that he had seen and pitied in others.” The father “did not attempt a useless struggle but withdrew from the world so as not to infect anyone else.”

The stench of the market, the rats in the sewers, and the children rolling naked in the puddles of the streets convinced the son that the cholera might again visit his shores. He instigated a series of quarantines beginning with a contaminated schooner that had offloaded hands who soon succumbed to the disease, “choked by a grainy white vomit.” Subsequently, entire neighborhoods were subjected to strict medical supervision.

Passions and Obsessions

Cholera had been Dr. Juvenal Urbino’s obsession; sanitation his passion. As a young physician, he was intent on removing “sanctuaries” for disease.

The other male protagonist in this novel struggles to master an obsessive love for a woman whose favor had been “quarantined” from him. Over decades, he nurses his longing. Would my Nursing and other Health Science students buy into such an obsession? Was Nobel Laureate García Márquez trying to get us to think of such unrequited love as a suffering that could ravage like a plague?

At the very end of the novel, the yellow flag of cholera is hoisted to establish a kind of quarantine that liberates. There’s an isolation in which a passion might take hold and a love-sickness quelled.

Other Plague Plots and Dispatches

Perhaps selections from two historical novels will provide my students with telling perspectives on pestilence and contagion: the likely candidates are Alessandro Manzoni’s The Betrothed and Geraldine Brooks’ Year of Wonders: A Novel of the Plague. What may prove to resonate are the Bubonic ravages and defenses depicted in Sinclair Lewis’ Arrowsmith and in Albert Camus’ The Plague.

My thoughts regarding these novels are about to come out of isolation.

Close More Sales: Be a Servant

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My first experience as a sales trainer and coach was with a privately held energy company with nearly 400 employees. I was so excited to have the opportunity to work with up-and-coming sales representatives to help them improve sales while also enjoying their work more.

I was a little disappointed when I discovered that the first question everyone seemed to ask me was, “What’s the secret to closing more sales?”

Over the years, I’ve noticed that this has continued to be the most popular question with every group I’ve worked with. So many people believe that there must be some simple secret to getting a potential customer to, “Yes.” They hope that if they just changed one thing about how they approach the closing process, they will close significantly more often.

Fortunately, there is one simple thing we can do to close significantly more sales: Forget about closing.

In fact, we should forget about trying to make a sale altogether and make it our top priority to be a servant.

The Servant Interview

Most people who have been through sales training learn that a key phase of the sales process is to interview the potential client to determine whether or not our product or service is a fit. Great sales people, and great sales organizations, realize that focusing on the interview, and shifting the focus of the interview, is the secret to sustainable, long-term sales success.

The sales greats don’t look at the interview as a way to simply qualify or disqualify a potential client. They look at the interview as an opportunity to really understand a broad range of the person’s goals, aspirations, and needs.

An effective interview includes questions like:

  • What are you most passionate about?
  • What are your top 3 professional goals for the next 12 months?
  • What are your top 3 personal goals for the next 12 months?
  • What are the top three issues faced by your organization right now?

By asking questions like this, we uncover all sorts of ways that we might be able to help the person we’re interviewing that may have nothing to do with the product or service we’re selling.

And that’s point! We’re shifting from trying to get a sale to simply being a servant in whatever way we can.

The Power of Being a Servant

There are several reasons why this is so effective. First, a person can sense when we need a sale, and it repels them.

Have you ever noticed that whenever you were single in your life it was often very hard to get a date? Why? It’s because the energy of desire or desperation is quite unattractive. Yet, the moment you’re in a committed relationship it seems that everyone wants to go out with you.

In the same way, when our focus is on helping a person however we can instead of on our own desires, we project a confident energy that is attractive to people. People like us more. Even more important, when people sense that we’re genuinely focused on helping them, they trust us.

As most of us know, people are much more likely to do business with someone they like and trust.

Second, this approach helps us to generate sales even from encounters with people who would not benefit from our product or service.

If our product or service is not the best solution for the problems and needs we uncover during our interview, we still have lots of ways that we can be of service thanks to the thorough interview we conducted. One of the ways we could be of service is to refer the potential client to someone that could meet their needs, even if that person is our competitor.

This approach prevents us from acquiring a customer that would have ultimately been unsatisfied, which hurts us in the long term. Also, by helping the person meet her needs, she is likely to refer clients to us. Referred clients are much more likely to do business with us because there is already some built-in trust.

Third, by building such a solid foundation of trust with a potential client, and only asking for the business when our product or solution is a great fit for that person, closing becomes effortless most of the time. By the time we ask for the business (if we even have to ask at all), it’s essentially a formality. The client already likes us, trusts us, and sees how we can solve a legitimate problem for him.

An Incredible Return on Investment

In addition to helping us earn new customers, this servant interview approach also helps us with our existing clients.

A great example of this is outlined in an excellent experiment reported by the Database Marketing Institute.

A manufacturer of building products, along with a consulting firm, divided their top 1,200 customers into a test group of 600 and a control group of 600. The control group was treated exactly as all other customers had been in the past.

The representatives working with the test group significantly ramped up communication with decision makers. They did not try to sell. They did not offer discounts. They simply worked at deepening friendships and providing valuable information.

The results were striking.

After six months, the test group made 12% more orders than they had in the previous six months, while the control group actually made 18% fewer orders (likely because of the recession). The test group placed 14% larger orders, while orders placed by the control group were actually 14% smaller than before. Overall, the test group ended up spending $2.6 million more with the company than did the control group during the test period. The test only cost $50,000, so the return on investment over six months was over 5,200%.

We all have an opportunity to realize an even greater return on investment. It only costs a little extra time to uncover the legitimate need of another person and work to help them however we can.

Matt Tenney is a social entrepreneur, an international keynote speaker, and the author of Serve to Be Great: Leadership Lessons from a Prison, a Monastery, and a Boardroom. To sign up for his free e-Zine and receive a free e-Book, click here.

Democracy's Most Cherished Act

Democracy! A word, a way of life, our highest ideal: Everyone is equal; no one is marginal.

I still feel the force of this word, though the middle syllable — “mock” — grows increasingly dominant when I hear it, especially now, as election season rolls around again. The enormity of my indifference to this election is balanced by something that feels like grief. The system we live under is . . .

Words fail me. Pardon me while I quote Nietzsche.

“God is dead. God remains dead. And we have killed him. How shall we comfort ourselves, the murderers of all murderers? What was holiest and mightiest of all that the world has yet owned has bled to death under our knives: who will wipe this blood off us? What water is there for us to clean ourselves? What festivals of atonement, what sacred games shall we have to invent? Is not the greatness of this deed too great for us? Must we ourselves not become gods simply to appear worthy of it?”

Writing is either an act of hope or an act of cynicism, and I have always committed myself to reaching for the former in my commentary on current events, no matter how disturbing the events may be. But in this moment, I feel myself walking the edge of cynicism: The system we live under is a joke, a farce, a calculated lie. I say this as someone who believed in it deeply, who embraced our history of expanding inclusiveness.

Democracy in the United States of America used to apply only to white property owners, but in my grandparents’ lifetime, in my parents’ lifetime, in my own lifetime, we saw the moral arc of the universe bend toward justice. The right to vote expanded. More and more people mattered and became eligible to participate in the creation of our society. This was human progress, and it was good.

The agendas of various special interests were always in the picture, of course. Racism was always lurking, available for exploitation. Elections could be rigged. With the onset of electronic voting, vigilance was more crucial than ever. I embraced and celebrated the vigilance: Fair elections held society together. I still believed in democracy. I believed that, at its core, it was a positive force.

That belief has been ebbing for the last six years. My reaction to the following sentence made me realize how empty my reservoir of belief has become. Bill Moyers and Michael Winship, addressing the spate of voter ID laws and other cynical Republican efforts to keep various unfriendly constituencies away from the polls, wrote:

“The real reason for the laws is to lower turnout, to hold onto power by keeping those who (are) in opposition from exercising their solemn right — to make it hard for minorities, poor folks, and students, among others, to participate in democracy’s most cherished act.”

I felt nothing but a rush of impatience. Voting — “democracy’s most cherished act” — is now a completely empty ritual, or so it seemed for a deeply dispiriting moment. I realized I had given up on it as an instrument of social change, a manifestation of the moral arc of the universe. The cynic’s graffiti felt closer to the truth: “If voting could change anything, it would be illegal.” And the picture accompanying the graffiti was Barack Obama’s.

Following eight years of George Bush and the disastrous war on terror, Obama came in on a cry for peace as deep as I’ve ever heard. His support was global. He had, it seemed, a mandate for profound change. But his performance in office — his embrace of militarism in the Middle East and expansion of drone warfare, his defense of the NSA and domestic mega-spying, among much else — has made it clear this mandate doesn’t matter and was never the point.

Mandate or no mandate, the controlling interests of the American empire command bipartisan homage. They’re not going to be voted out of power.

Coming to terms with the reality of the Obama years has altered my thinking on democracy itself, and beyond that, the concept of the nation, which has emerged from the cauldron of endless war and exists primarily, I fear, as the most efficient form of war’s perpetuation. The nation’s cornerstone is self-defense and a sense of superiority over other nations, values that are summoned continually and never fail to deliver the desired result. We’re organized to go to war, and democracy — voting — doesn’t change this, even if we keep thinking it will.

“The proletariats of each country, growing in numbers and strength, are made to wage war against each other,” Michael Parenti, discussing World War I, wrote recently at Common Dreams. “What better way to confine and misdirect them than with the swirl of mutual destruction. Meanwhile, the nations blame each other for the war.”

And World War I, the war to end all wars, begat World War II, which, William Rivers Pitt writes at Truthout, “never ended, because the manufacture of war materiel made the manufacturers rich beyond the dreams of avarice, and they began to exert influence over American politics . . .

And the Cold War took hold and “. . . O my Lord,” Pitt goes on, “how the money rolled in, because conflict for conflict’s sake became the operational ethos in Vietnam and Laos and Cambodia and Africa and South America and Central America and especially in the Middle East for decades . . .”

And the situation continues to escalate and Obama can’t and won’t stop it and the next president we “elect” won’t stop it either. Maybe democracy is still a viable concept. I harbor a vestige of hope that it is. But democracy’s most cherished act has got to be something more profound than pulling a lever or making an X in a box.

– – –
Robert Koehler is an award-winning, Chicago-based journalist and nationally syndicated writer. His book, Courage Grows Strong at the Wound (Xenos Press), is still available. Contact him at koehlercw@gmail.com or visit his website at commonwonders.com.

© 2014 TRIBUNE CONTENT AGENCY, INC.

Bringing Up Mensches: Raising Boys to Be Good Men

The news in the past week held stories of good men but much more of the opposite of that: of bravery and sacrifice and of stepping up and conversely of buck passing and fear, abuse and violence.

It’s a hidden truth that men still hold the power. If that’s so, then the only way things are going to get better is if it’s those same men demanding it. If it’s them who find how justice is enacted, how wars are fought, how violence is begotten, how women are treated, to be unacceptable, that things will be different.

Unfortunately, the world won’t be a better place until it’s the men who won’t accept anything less. And it starts with the children.

That’s why I think it’s my role as the mother of sons, to raise them to become those kinds of men; to be mensches.

What is a mensch? As with many Yiddish words, it’s hard to define in english. The most literal definition is a human being, but as we know, that doesn’t really mean much these days.

A mensch is a someone to admire and emulate, someone of noble character. The key to being “a real mensch” is nothing less than character, rectitude, dignity, a sense of what is right, responsible, decorous. (Rosten, Leo. 1968. The Joys of Yiddish. New York: Pocket Books. 237)

I’m the first woman that my guys will have ever loved, and probably not the last (because even if they’re gay, which they say they’re not but you never know, they’ll still love women but just in a different way). I’m their sounding board and their influence and hopefuly their conscience, and just like it’s my job to raise my daughter to be a strong and confident, self-assured and beautiful-on-the-inside woman, it’s my responsibility to raise my sons to be good men.

I want them to be someone worthy of being admired and emulated. To be of noble character, whatever that means. I want to infuse them with goodness and dignity, responsibility, and sense of what’s right. Because those Yiddish-makers knew the score: these are the things that matter.

But how?

I can encourage them to be their best selves: While it’s tempting, I don’t give them all the answers or tell them how to behave. I don’t tell them who to be friends with or what to do. But I ask questions. A lot of them. Sometimes really hard ones. I ask them what they think, why they do things and whether they think they made the best decision. I encourage them to be self-reflective. I ask them how they feel about others’ actions, not to judge, but to learn. I hope they find use my questions as a pathway to think for themselves and make these good choices on their own. I won’t always be there, but my voice asking “Is this good?” will be.

I can teach them to look outside themselves: I believe that being empathetic and aware of others is a skill that not everyone is born with. One of my sons feels the plight of others too deeply, while alas, the other not enough. For both it’s a balancing act that they need to learn. Because being able to intuit another’s needs and feelings and try to understand their motivations, and sometimes put them above your their own is how they will forge long-lasting and successful relationships in all areas of their lives.

I can teach them to fail and then get up: I don’t know if humans are born with a feeling of infallibility, or whether it’s a learned behaviour. Regardless, I want to imbue my sons with resilience and grit and the knowledge that they’re not perfect. It serves no purpose to continually build their egos up because then they won’t know how to love themselves even when they have not succeeded. Their self-esteem must be based on how they recover after a failure, not just on how wonderful they are (which they are, don’t get me wrong.) Otherwise, they may never learn to accept themselves, or others, as they are.

I help them to understand that it’s not always more important to be right: For many men (and women), arguing to the bitter end and a need to win supersedes everything. There’s no shame in conceding to another, to seeking a middle ground, to giving up. Sometimes it’s just easier and sometimes it’s just kindness. But the truth is, people are more important than winning, and the ones that you love and respect should always take precedence over what will only turn out to be pyrrhic victory.

I can teach them they’re not the most important person in the world: Of course, to me they are. As is their sister and their father. But there is great satisfaction to be gained from putting someone else first, from thinking about what will make another happy, to gain joy from giving and not just receiving. I want my sons to know that there is contentment to be gained from respecting and doing for another, even if – especially if – there’s nothing in it for you.

I can encourage them to accept responsibility: It’s hard to come right out and admit you’re wrong. But there’s so much to be gotten from doing so. There is great value in honesty. To me, lying is worse than anything they may have done, for a dishonest heart will always take the path of least resistance. Learning from your mistakes and taking your lumps is one of the consequences of living. Buck passing, throwing someone else under the bus, cheating on your spouse, or placing blame on the recipient of your errors (or your crimes god forbid) is worse than the worst. Be a stupid ass, but then own it. Whether it’s that they didn’t do their homework or they struck someone in the heat of anger or passion, they won’t be able to be better unless they know that they’re wrong. And this is a hard truth.

I can teach them to respect women and treat them well and not to judge a book by it’s cover. I can teach them that it’s ok to cry and to care and to be warm and loving and strong and soft. And to step up to their responsibilities and to ask for help when they need it, and to give up when it’s not working and to to dig deeper when there’s more to give. I can offer them a sense of community and an environment where they can build the inner strength they need to stand up to others and to understand their fears and to give in to their reluctance because it doesn’t feel right, and to push hesitation aside and take the leap. I can help them to find the strength to take their knocks and to support others when they’re taking theirs. I can teach them to listen and to learn and to grow and to teach and to be.

I can teach them to be mensches, but in the end, it’s all up to them and what kind of men they want to grow up to be.

I’d love to hear from other mothers of sons. What are you doing to grow great human beings?

(Originally published on BeNiceorLeaveThanks.com)

Lose Yourself Behind a Mask

Every culture and tradition around the world has masks, costumes, dances, puppets and ceremonial characters that teach or bring meaning to the community. In native traditions these are not considered performances to be watched, they are considered sacred or ceremonial aspects of life that the whole community participates in the magic of creating. Halloween, Feast of Fools, Day of The Dead, Carnival (Mardi Gras) are a few modern festivals that are rooted in this ancient and tribal heritage. The best part isn’t to make yourself “look” different in a costume, it is to become something different and feel, sense, interact and role-play with the world from a completely different perspective.

2014-10-29-ScreenShot20141029at10.24.05AM.pngThe human psyche is complex and social conventions, inhibitions or restrictions often do not allow for the range of emotional expression and freedom that is necessary for a healthy life. Universal archetypes abound, but the masked fool (clown or trickster, shapeshifter) seems to be the best qualified to transcend cultural boundaries.

Human culture maintains itself by enforcing traditional ways that often become rigid and closed systems over time. Culture clashes and war often occur because of ethnocentrism, when people can not see beyond their own beliefs and accept the validity of other’s world-views. In order to keep traditions alive and keep ourselves sane, sometimes we need to break character. Getting behind a mask is a great way to do this!

Indeed Halloween is a wonderful time for foolish revelry and Day of the Dead Celebrations following it are a special time to reflect on those who have passed. One day each of us will eventually leave these physical bodies too, perhaps we will become ghosts that eagerly await Halloween? In a way, our own flesh and bones are like a costume that is animated by our beliefs and the roles that we play in life. As a snake sheds its skin, eventually the roles we play of child, parent, student, teacher, husband, wife, etc. must change and morph while we learn to release these characters that we have become and embrace new ones as we age.

As our world gets smaller, as people begin to awaken to the fact that there are many cultures and many ways to see the world and experience life, we are all humbled to recognize that each is valid. In many ways, we are all fools to have thought our way was the only way, or the best way. True wisdom comes from accepting that each culture has something universal and valuable to teach us all about who we are. Everyone throughout the world knows what it feels like to be sad, angry, lonely, to laugh, to celebrate life, and to make merry in spite of life’s struggles. There are universal truths to being human despite the cultural costumes and skin-colors we wear.

It is often said that when we can laugh at something we can conquer it. In a troubled world, what will it take to find the place within ourselves that can laugh at it all and celebrate life in the face of so much uncertainty? It might just be time to dawn a mask or a costume and let go of all inhibitions like a child. Maybe this fantasy-world of imagination and laughter will be the medicine we need to get us into a good place where we can visualize a positive future for our troubled world. It couldn’t hurt to try!

***Article originally appeared in Culture Collective***

Open Letter to Brittany Maynard

Brittany,

Thank you for sharing your story of strength with the world. I respect the courage you expressed in not only making the decision to end your life, but for sharing it with the world. I have thought of you so often since first hearing about you and am hopeful that you have made the most of every day.

As the anticipated day arrives, I want to share my support of your decision. I cannot imagine how difficult it was to come to make this choice, but I do know how difficult it is to watch someone you love suffer from a terminal brain tumor.

I watched my husband die slowly after being diagnosed with an anaplastic astrocytoma brain tumor. I watched him lose so many things before the tumor took his life. The tumor stole his ability to walk, to talk, to use his left side, to care for his daily needs and to hold our daughter in his arms. Uncontrolled seizures filled our already challenging days with trepidation and anxiety.

We lost more than words can say after the words “brain tumor” entered our lives. All that we lost was replaced with fear of the unknown. We also lost the ability to control our lives; to plan ahead because we never knew what tomorrow would bring.

I wish more than anything that I never had to know what it is like to live and die with a brain tumor, but since that was not an option, I envy your choice and wish I had the strength to do as you are doing.

There has been much discussion about your decision and it has opened the debate about medical treatment of terminally ill and compassionate care. For those who don’t understand or support your decision, well they are lucky. I assume they have never seen somebody they love die of an extended illness. I was able to schedule an appointment and choose the day my daughter was born; I would have appreciated to choose the day to say my final goodbye to my husband, on our terms.

Brittany, thank you for bringing attention to this issue and for sharing the story of your life and your death with us. You are an inspiration and have empowered so many people who are in similar situations. I wish you and your family peace and strength. Your impact on this world will last long beyond when you decide to take your last breathe.

Respectfully yours forever,
Wendy Berk