Jim Heimann's Very Brief History of L.A. for Visitors

The following interview with Jim Heimann was translated into Chinese for the ForYourArt Guide to Los Angeles, published on the occasion of The Los Angeles Project, an exhibition of Los Angeles artists at the Ullens Center for Contemporary Art in Beijing. The writer, historian, Executive Editor at TASCHEN, and author of many books on Southern California, including Los Angeles: Portrait of a City, is one of my favorite L.A. experts. Meant to bring a Chinese audience closer to Los Angeles, the interview provides a brief overview of the city’s history, ambitions, narrative, and neighborhoods.

Download ForYourArt’s Guide to Los Angeles in Chinese and English.

In Los Angeles: Portrait of a City (TASCHEN, 2009) you state: “Los Angeles is the wonder city of the West…The world’s most enigmatic city…A city of many dimensions.” What other generalizations about Los Angeles do you find yourself repeating to people interested in the city?

“The City of the Future” is one moniker that has consistently been used by locals and outsiders alike throughout the twentieth century. Architecturally, it has always been on the leading edge of the avant-garde. And today the international art world is definitely looking towards the city for the future of art, and its institutions are supporting that development. So L.A. as the city of the future still holds true. In many ways, Los Angeles is still a giant experiment.

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Marissa Roth, Chinatown at night, 2000. Courtesy of Los Angeles Public Library database.

You’ve said that L.A. emerged from a desert wasteland to a palm-studded, urban metropolis. How did it become such an ambitious American city?

There were several population booms based on a changing economy. If it was good, many people would come to Los Angeles. When the economy shrank, developments failed and some of those people left. Consistently, however, there was steady growth. In the 1920s, for example, there was a population boom that started to fill in the city and created satellite communities throughout Southern California. As they expanded, they began overlapping with each other so that today L.A. is a city constructed from many different neighborhoods. “Thirty suburbs in search of a city” is another moniker that is used for Los Angeles. It does have a central downtown area with skyscrapers, but it doesn’t function in the way a lot of other cities do.

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Virgil Mirano, Piñata heaven, Boyle Heights, 1998/1999. Courtesy of Los Angeles Public Library database.

Do you think of Los Angeles as a city open to transplants?

Everybody and everything has been transplanted, and still is, to L.A. It is a place where things are brought in and then flourish. If you’re someone who’s very invested in Los Angeles, and you call yourself an Angeleno, you need to have a little bit more depth than knowing which bar is the hippest in East Hollywood. That’s very surface-level knowledge that anybody can learn. But it takes more than simply living here to be an involved citizen of L.A.

What are some of Los Angeles’s ethnic neighborhoods?

Originally there was Mexican culture and there was Spanish culture. Then Spanish was kind of absorbed. There were also always little enclaves of French and Italian and European communities. Since we’re located on the Pacific there have been large Asian communities, including Japanese (Little Tokyo) and Chinese (Chinatown), though their acceptance into the broader fabric of the city was much slower. They were always put into ghettoized sections of the city, but still they developed their own rich local cultures.

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Roy Hankey, Frank Lloyd Wright’s Hollyhock House, 1980. Courtesy of Los Angeles Public Library database.

What is your favorite neighborhood in Los Angeles to take visitors right now?

Right now I take people to Downtown Los Angeles, which is having a kind of renaissance. In addition to the new restaurants and development, there’s the flower market, the fashion district, and the industrial section that people don’t usually experience, even the locals. One of my favorite places to take them to is the intersection of Olympic Boulevard and Central Avenue, which I call Piñata Land. It hasn’t been officially designated, but it’s one long block of nothing but piñata stalls.

You’ve characterized Los Angeles as a “teenager” in terms of its development. What do you mean by this?

When you look at the major cities of the world, most of them have been around for a long time. L.A. is in its teenage years right now: rebellious, still trying to figure things out, still growing. It shares many aspects with those conflicted years before young adulthood. It hasn’t fully matured.

How would you describe the differences between Los Angeles and San Francisco to someone who has never been to either city?

Comparing cities like Los Angeles, San Francisco, and New York is a difficult task. San Francisco and Los Angeles are two completely different cities. San Francisco has very European influences and many wonderful elements. When people visit Los Angeles, I always tell them that it is a difficult city to get to know well because it is so spread out. It doesn’t have tight little communities that you might have in San Francisco or Manhattan, where you see the same people every day.

When you leave your residence on foot in New York or San Francisco, the city is right before you. When you leave your residence in Los Angeles, you see a lawn, trees, and birds. You don’t have a city confronting you. You must work to get to know and understand the city.

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Unknown Photographer, House in Country Club Park, 1930. Courtesy of Los Angeles Public Library database.

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Unknown Photographer, Canon Drive in Beverly Hills, 1925. Courtesy of Los Angeles Public Library database.

What would be your advice for someone coming to Los Angeles for the first time?

My main piece of advice is this: do your research. Find out about the city. Look at all the guides. Get on the Internet and discover the 30 best restaurants and bars on Yelp.com–or whatever your particular inclination is. You also have to look at L.A. in a much larger sense. The Bowers Museum in Santa Ana is just as valid as going to the Hammer Museum in Westwood. It might take over an hour to get down to the Bowers Museum, and a lot of driving frustration, but the payoff may well be there.

Driving in Los Angeles can be a pleasure in itself and a great way to discover hidden parts of the city. For people who are new to the city, I always suggest they get off the freeway and look around. There are beautiful homes and parks to see on side streets and residential areas. Getting around this way, I often encounter places there that I’ve never seen before.

Can you recommend any books for someone visiting Los Angeles?

If someone wants to learn more about Los Angeles, a good place to start is a book that I edited called Los Angeles: Portrait of a City. If someone has time to go more in depth, Kevin Starr has published an excellent series of books on the history of California. He provides many perspectives on the city of Los Angeles over time. I used to recommend Carey McWilliams’s An Island on the Land, but it was published in 1949 so it provides more of a historical viewpoint.

What about the palm trees?

I think the only native, indigenous palm trees are in Palm Springs, in the canyon. The City of Los Angeles was originally responsible for the placement of palm trees, but then individual cities also had their particular dictates. Palm trees are an important part of the stereotypical photograph of the City of Beverly Hills. Visitors often go to Beverly Drive where the trees appear to go on infinitely. Developers in Los Angeles were trying to create a paradise on Earth, and palm trees fit that image very well.

U.S. Disaster Policy Still Broken 2 Years After Sandy

WASHINGTON –- Two years ago, Superstorm Sandy devastated the northeastern United States, killing more than 70 people, causing $60 billion in damage and exposing major gaps in federal disaster preparedness and response. But there has been little movement in Congress to change policies to prepare the country for future disasters.

One thing Congress did was approve billions in aid for storm-struck areas — but not until nearly three months after Sandy, on Jan. 28, 2013. And that package has been criticized in some corners for being both too slow and for including too few directives on rebuilding to make communities more resilient in future storms.

“We seek to rush emergency aid that too often reinforces our vulnerabilities, wastes money, and undercuts sound principles,” said Rep. Earl Blumenauer (D-Ore.), a vocal critic of federal disaster planning, in a statement to The Huffington Post this week. “We tolerate people moving into harm’s way, water down reforms, and focus on the immediate news cycle rather than the long term.”

The federal government bears a lot of disaster costs, through both the Federal Emergency Management Agency and the National Flood Insurance Program, which is more than $20 billion in debt. Shortly after the vote in Congress on Sandy aid, the Government Accountability Office — tasked with analyzing how Congress spends taxpayer money — issued a report warning about the government’s “fiscal exposure” to climate change and extreme weather events (which scientists have found are being affected by climate change). FEMA and NFIP are especially vulnerable, the report said.

Another critic is Rep. Matt Cartwright (D-Pa.). One of the first votes he cast after joining the House in 2013 was in favor of the Sandy relief package. That vote, said Cartwright in an interview with The Huffington Post, “was an eye-opener for me.” He noted that some fiscal conservatives tried to block the funding — even some from the Gulf Coast and Midwest who had earlier voted in favor of disaster funding for their own states.

Both the Sandy vote and the GAO report drove home for Cartwright that the government’s system of paying for disasters, wasn’t efficient. “We shouldn’t have to spend as much with FEMA funds,” said Cartwright, “if we did a better job preparing for extreme weather events.” It inspired the Preparedness and Risk Management for Extreme Weather Patterns Assuring Resilience Act — or PREPARE, -– that Cartwright introduced in July.

The bill aims to improve government disaster programs, requiring agencies to include preparedness and risk-management in their planning and creating regional coordination. The bill had 16 co-sponsors when it was introduced, including five Republicans, and along list of endorsing organizations.

For Cartwright, the bill offered a bridge between lawmakers concerned about climate impacts and those concerned with fiscal responsibility. “In the current atmosphere, you can’t really talk about climate change with our brothers and sisters across the aisle, and some of our brothers and sisters on the same side of the aisle,” he said. “So what you look for is how to advance the ball without offending people. The PREPARE Act speaks to our common impulse to act like grown-ups when it comes to protecting our assets.”

There ha been no action so far on the PREPARE Act, and GovTrack gives it only a 3 percent chance of being enacted by this Congress. But it does provide a bipartisan starting point for discussing disaster response.

Meanwhile, Congress has acted in one area related to Sandy and disasters — but it was to kill a reform. In March, Congress repealed changes it made to the National Flood Insurance Program in 2012 that would have raised rates on some properties in flood-prone areas. Homeowners affected by the price increases had balked. Critics of that reversal said the reforms would have helped address the long-term solvency of the flood insurance program. Those critics, from both the left and the right, accused Congress of making a short-term, politically expedient decision instead of dealing with the bigger problems.

Blumenauer reflected some of this frustration in his comments this week. “What do we really have to show for $60 billion in Sandy relief spending that will minimize the damage for the next big — or bigger — inevitable storm?” he asked.

Cop Who Shot Man In Anime Costume Says He Looked Like A Threat

SALT LAKE CITY (AP) — Utah police chased and shot a man armed with a samurai-style sword as part of a Japanese anime costume because they thought he would hurt someone with the weapon after he swung it at them, according to search warrants released Wednesday .

Darrien Hunt, 22, died of multiple gunshot wounds to the back of his body after he was confronted by police Sept. 10 while walking around a strip mall in Saratoga Springs, Utah, which is about 35 miles south of Salt Lake City. A search warrant says police shot at Hunt, an African American, while he was running away because he was still holding the sword and they thought he could hurt or kill someone. The documents also details possible drug use and suicidal thoughts.

A lawyer for the Hunt family, who has said Hunt was treated differently because of his race, said Wednesday none of those factors justify the use of deadly force.

“This isn’t the Old West. There are a lot of kids his age who have problems with depression and suicide,” attorney Robert Sykes said. “You don’t just go shoot those people.”

Utah County Attorney Jeff Buhman said Wednesday an investigation into whether the shooting was legally justified could be complete by early next week.

The search warrant says Hunt had been fired from his job after he didn’t come to work, and his mother had told him he needed to get a job or leave the house by the end of the week. His brother told investigators Hunt had been making and using a hallucinogenic drug and was “obsessed” with a girl on Facebook who wasn’t interested in him, according to the warrant filed in state court.

The morning of his death, a friend said he posted a message on Facebook saying, “I have a sword and I’m going to get shot,” investigators wrote.

Saratoga Springs police Cpl. Matthew Schauerhamer and Officer Nicholas Judson, who are both white, confronted Hunt after someone saw him with the sword and called 911. They asked him to put the sword on the hood of a patrol car, but Hunt refused, saying the sword was his. Officers said they could give him a ride to Orem, but he’d have to give up the weapon.

The warrant says Hunt pulled out the sword and moved toward Schauerhamer, swinging it. Schauerhamer drew his gun and started firing. Judson also fired a shot after Hunt appeared in front of him and Hunt ran away, still holding the sword.

Schauerhamer told investigators “he knew he had to stop Mr. Hunt before he was able to hurt or kill someone,” the warrant states. He fired four more shots and Hunt fell, dead.

The report quotes two witnesses who saw Hunt swing the sword, which his brother later told investigators was dull but could hurt someone if it was swung.

An autopsy released Tuesday shows Hunt didn’t have drugs in his system when he died of multiple gunshot wounds, including several to the back of his body. Police said race wasn’t a factor in the shooting.

Copyright 2014 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.

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