Hasta La Gadget!

In May 2011, at age 25, I completed my first year as an English doctoral student. I also left my husband of nine months.

My resolve—long a sort of trembling, gelatinous mound—finally ossified between two paper deadlines. The first I submitted. The second, due the following day, took me an additional month and a half to complete. With paragraphs of Thackeray’s Vanity Fair scattered all around me, I navigated charged phone conversations with relatives and friends and sifted through separation papers that managed, even in their legalese, to render me a treacherous bitch. I wrestled with the anxiety that I was, in fact, a treacherous bitch, unfit for long-term companionship.

There’s no doubt about it — second (and third) marriages are on the rise. Last week, Pew Research announced that 40 percent of all 2014 newlyweds had walked down the aisle before. If you are thinking about taking the plunge again, here are some planning tips to avoid common problems:

1. GET a PRE-NUP — We all know that there is a 50 percent divorce rate. For second marriages, the statistic is closer to 60 percent. With fewer working years ahead of you, it will be harder to recover financially from a drawn out and costly divorce process. The pre-nup will clearly establish that you leave the marriage with what you brought into it.

2. Revisit your Estate Planning — Even if you beat the odds and stay together, the marriage will end upon death. If the marital residence is owned by one party, he or she should insure that the survivor is not left homeless. No, one cannot necessarily rely on adult children to ‘do the right thing’ in this regard. The estate plan should also insure that one’s adult children are not inadvertently disinherited. This occurs when a simple will leaves everything to the surviving spouse. Upon his or her subsequent death, the assets will go to their children, not yours.

3. Consider Long Term Care Insurance — In order to protect your assets from your new spouse’s possible long term care expenses, insurance is a must. Without long term care insurance, the laws of every state hold married people legally responsible for each others long term care costs.

4. Discuss spending priorities prior to the marriage — One of the biggest sources of conflict in a second marriage has to do with financial help to adult children. If my new husband expects to pay for his daughter’s (third!) marriage, I should know about this ahead of time. The same goes for big loans to children in trouble or co-signing grandkids student loans. All of these actions will affect the household budget and should be discussed on the front end. Tackling these potentially thorny issues in advance, will enable you to focus on honeymoon plans with a clear head.

This weekly Q&A addresses questions from real patients about health care costs. Have a question you’d like to see answered? Submit it to AskChristina@nerdwallet.com.

“I’m shopping for new health insurance and confused by all of the options, specifically the difference between deductibles and out-of-pocket maximums. I’m generally healthy, in my mid-thirties and don’t spend too much on medical care each year. I don’t have a lot of money to spend on monthly health insurance premiums, but wonder if having a low or high deductible would be more appropriate and how the cost of each should play into my decision.”

Shopping for health insurance can be confusing, but I’m happy to hear that you’re educating yourself on all of the options. It’s too easy to choose a plan based on your monthly premium and neglect to take things like deductibles or out-of-pocket expenses into consideration.

Your out-of-pocket expenses are important as they can easily add up, and being caught with costly medical bills can cause financial disaster. Setting aside money for unexpected health care costs should be on everyone’s to-do list, but choosing the right plan can help ensure these expenses won’t get the best of you. Here is some background information on what you need to understand before choosing a plan.

Common health insurance terms you should know

Many of the potentially confusing health insurance concepts describe elements of cost-sharing, or the share of costs for health services that you have to pay (as opposed to your health insurance company paying). Here are some of the more commonly misunderstood cost-sharing concepts:

Co-payment (or copay): A copay is a flat fee you pay at the time of service. This may be a $25 fee to see your doctor or a $10 fee to fill a prescription.

Deductible: The deductible is the amount of money you must pay for health services before your insurance kicks in. It’s important to note that hitting your deductible doesn’t mean your insurance company will pay for everything after that point. In fact, often you will still be responsible for a significant portion of fees after your deductible, while your insurance pays the remainder of the bill.

Coinsurance: Coinsurance refers to a certain percentage that you must cover, with your insurance company picking up the balance. It applies after you have met your deductible.

Out-of-pocket maximum: The out-of-pocket maximum is a cap placed on your plan that indicates the maximum amount you will pay in a given year. For 2015, plans bought on the Affordable Care Act marketplace (healthcare.gov) or the state exchanges have an out-of-pocket max of $6,600 for an individual or $13,200 for a family. This means that once you pay $6,600 (including your copays, deductible and coinsurance), your insurance company will pay 100 percent of your in-network costs. Insurance companies can set out-of-pocket maximum limits below this ACA cap.

Making sense of cost-sharing

In your health insurance shopping you likely realized that plans come with a seemingly endless combination of cost-sharing options.

Say you had to go to the hospital for one overnight and ended up with bills amounting to $10,000. Let’s look at a few plan examples to better understand how cost-sharing works.

Plan A:

Deductible: $3,000
Coinsurance: 20 percent
Out-of-pocket max: $5,000

You would pay the first $3,000 to meet your deductible. Then you would pay 20 percent coinsurance on the remaining balance, or $1,400, for a total cost to you of $4,400. Only once you reach your out-of-pocket max of $5,000 during the coverage year would this health plan cover 100 percent of the remaining balance.

Plans with a high deductible are often recommended for people who are in good health and may be on a limited budget. You mentioned that your premium budget is small and that you don’t typically spend much money on health expenses, so a high deductible plan may be better for you. If you have a high deductible plan, it’s also worth considering opening a health savings account, which allows you to set aside funds for health expenses while reducing your taxable income.

Plan B:

Deductible: $500
Coinsurance: 10 percent
Out-of-pocket max: $1,650

Under this plan you’ll pay $500 to meet your deductible and 10 percent on the remaining balance, or $950, for a total cost to you of $1,450. Again, only once you meet your out-of-pocket max of $1,650 during the year would the insurance company pay 100 percent of your covered expenses.

But plans with more comprehensive benefits come at a higher monthly premium. They are recommended largely for people who depend on frequent medical care. If you commonly see specialists or spend time in the hospital, a plan like this stands to save you more money over time.

Additional factors to consider before making your choice

While these examples help to illustrate how deductibles and out-of-pocket maximums work, they don’t tell the entire story. Here are some additional considerations to look at when choosing a plan:

• Because preventive care is free under the Affordable Care Act, you can still visit your doctor for eligible check-ups and screenings without having to pay copays, coinsurance or payments toward your deductible.
• Most plans have a copay for visits to the physician’s office, so you won’t pay the full bill for the visit when you have normal check-ups. Generally, these copays do not count toward your deductible, though there are exceptions.
• Prescription coverage may or may not be included in the deductible. Sometimes, drugs are subject to a copay and other times you must meet the deductible first. If you take a lot of prescriptions, or even one expensive one, make sure to look into this before making your choice.
• You will be responsible for greater cost-sharing and possibly all of the incurred expenses if you go to an out-of-network provider, depending on the type of plan you select. Take a look at network size and whether your favorite doctors are in network before opting for a plan.
• If you meet income requirements, you could be eligible for financial assistance through the government marketplace where you purchase your plan. This assistance comes in the form of premium tax credits or cost-sharing subsidies.

If you’re still struggling to understand your options, find someone to talk to. At work, your human resources representative can explain the choices available to you. If you’re shopping at healthcare.gov, a phone call to 1-800-318-2596 may help clear up some confusion. You can also check out NerdWallet’s helpful guide for choosing a health insurance plan.

Choosing a health insurance plan isn’t easy. Educating yourself, weighing your options carefully and asking questions when confusion arises can help you ensure you have the best coverage for your needs.

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