Scott Walker Says He Doesn't Know If Obama Is A Christian

Not only does Wisconsin Gov. Scott Walker (R) not know whether President Barack Obama loves America, he also appears to be unaware that the president is a Christian.

“I don’t know,” the potential 2016 candidate told The Washington Post at the winter meeting of the National Governors Association in Washington, D.C.

“I’ve actually never talked about it or I haven’t read about that,” Walker said of Obama’s faith. “I’ve never asked him that. You’ve asked me to make statements about people that I haven’t had a conversation with about that. How [could] I say if I know either of you are a Christian?”

The president has spoken publicly about his faith numerous times. He also frequently cites Bible scripture in his public remarks.

“First and foremost, my Christian faith gives me a perspective and security that I don’t think I would have otherwise: that I am loved. That, at the end of the day, God is in control,” Obama said in a 2012 interview with Washington National Cathedral magazine.

In his interview with the Post, Walker blamed the media for obsessing over issues that, in his view, most Americans don’t care about.

“To me this is a classic example of why people hate Washington and increasingly they dislike the press. The things they care about don’t even remotely come close to what you’re asking about,” he said.

“I would defy you to come to Wisconsin. You could ask 100 people, and not one of them would say that this is a significant issue,” he added.

Jocelyn Webster, a spokeswoman for the governor, followed up with the Post after the interview to clarify Walker’s remarks.

“Of course the governor thinks the president is a Christian,” she said. “He thinks these kinds of gotcha questions distract from what he’s doing as governor of Wisconsin to make the state better and make life better for people in his state.”

Obama’s faith became a hot topic of debate in 2010, after a Pew poll conducted at the time found 34 percent of Republicans said that Obama was a Muslim. That led then-Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-Ky.) to address the matter on NBC’s “Meet The Press.”

“The president says he’s a Christian. I take him at his word. I don’t think that’s in dispute,” McConnell said.

Some Democrats said Walker’s comments cast doubt on his ability to lead.

“Scott Walker had a simple test. He could have risen above the fray, but he continues to flatly fail and instead push the same polarizing agenda and politics he has for years in Wisconsin,” said Democratic National Committee spokeswoman Holly Shulman. “Today, Walker has proven himself once again to be unfit to lead.”

Walker’s comments follow controversial remarks made by former New York City Mayor Rudy Giuliani, who said earlier this week at a private dinner for the Wisconsin governor that Obama doesn’t love America.

They also come at a time when Walker’s presidential stock is rising in a crowded GOP primary. Several early primary state polls have shown Walker at the top of the potential field.

Benjamin Netanyahu Ad Likens PM To David Ben-Gurion

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s new campaign ad compares the leader’s defiance in seeking to address the U.S. Congress despite White House opposition with legendary Israeli leader David Ben Gurion’s refusal to bow to U.S. State Department opposition when he helped create the state of Israel. (Watch above.)

The ad, which is in Hebrew and features grainy, black-and-white graphics, flashes back to 1948 as a voiceover intones the following, per a Haaretz translation: “In 1948, Ben-Gurion stood before a fateful decision: The creation of the State of Israel. The U.S. secretary of state firmly objected. Ben-Gurion – contrary to the State Department’s position – announced the establishment of the state. Would we be here today had Ben-Gurion not done the right thing?”

The ad was posted on Netanyahu’s Facebook page, accompanied by text declaring his commitment to addressing Congress. “Congress is the only place where a bad deal can be stopped. It is the right and essential thing to do to safeguard Israel’s security and existence,” Netanyahu wrote, according to a translation by the Times of Israel.

Netanyahu is expected to address Congress on March 3 on the issue of Iran’s nuclear program, of which he has been a fierce critic. He was invited by Speaker of the House John Boehner — not President Barack Obama — and the episode has significantly widened the already-wide rift between the American president and the Israeli prime minister. The White House is reportedly considering options to undercut Netanyahu’s message according to the Associated Press.

Israel goes to the polls on March 17. Recent polling shows Netanyahu’s Likud in a tight race with the center-left Zionist Union.

The Times of Israel notes that while Secretary of State George C. Marshall did indeed oppose recognizing Israel at the time, President Harry Truman was a firm supporter, “making the US the first country to provide Israel with de facto recognition moments after it declared independence.”

Google Now starts showing gas stations along your route

Google already has ways to find gas stations before you hit the open road, but it hasn’t usually offered relevant stations. Wouldn’t you want to see pumps that don’t require a big detour? You might not have that problem from now on. Numerous drivers …

This Crazy Chair Builds Itself

Building flat-pack furniture is a major pain in the ass, so much so that a MIT team has spent years and millions of dollars solving the problem. Actually, that’s not quite true: the problem they’re trying to solve is actually a far more exciting one, even if it won’t benefit Ikea quite yet.

Read more…



On Washington, History and Diversity in Independent Schools

A few years ago I went with my then 6-year-old daughter to the Metropolitan Museum of Art to see the renovated galleries of the American Wing. It holds works of art made in our country, first in competition with the European traditions, later more freely and independently American. The main attraction is the fully restored painting Washington Crossing the Delaware by the German painter Emanuel Leutze. I can honestly say that my daughter couldn’t care less: the supercharged emotions of honor, courage and patriotism and the icy waters left her cold. She did like the period rooms with their educational touch screens much more and so we spent most of our time there, especially in the colonial Dutch room, which I – coming from that country – enjoyed.

Since my white partner and I adopted two children of African-American heritage I am more than ever aware of the diversity in a space. It was easy to see that my daughter was the only black human being in the American Wing for all the time we spent there. But it was also easy to see that the art in the American Wing was totally white, just as white as the historical concept behind the display. The description of the Wing on the Met website doesn’t contain the words ‘black’ or ‘African American’ and exactly one line is devoted to the original people of this continent. The term American as used in one of the largest and most influential art institutions in the nation is exclusive and keeps amongst many, many others, my daughter out of the definition.

I was reminded of that Met outing when Presidents’ Day Weekend an op-ed in the New York Times appeared, with the title George Washington, Slave Catcher. Was boredom the reason for her disinterest, after this article my daughter’s coldness toward the first American president could be one day informed by the fact that he was not only a slave owner, but also that he signed the first fugitive slave law and that until his death in 1799 he was actively hunting down the one slave who escaped.

The idea of history, of American history is changing. There are many, all connected reasons why. Here a few. There is the growing awareness, that our country is not discovered by Columbus, but that with him the ethnic cleansing of the original inhabitants began. We can see that our population in its physical features shows less and less the origins of the white nation building European colonizers: ‘our’ history is not ‘their’ history. We know that the ideology of individual identity has corroded the monolith of national identity: ‘who am I’ took precedence over ‘who are we’. The West Indian, African American and Gay parades in New York are not about affirming the place of these groups in the American mainstream, like the Polish and Irish parades did in the past and still do, but are about challenging and changing the mainstream culture. The myth of white colonial culture as the core of American identity is waning, but as we see in the example of one of three leading art institutes in the US, the Metropolitan Museum, it is still very much present.

The discussion about what American history is, is raging all over the country, most recently in Oklahoma where a conservative Representative fights the new advanced placement history course. ‘[T]he emphasis of instruction is on America as a nation of oppressors and exploiters,’ he said and proposed legislation, which requires to ‘study certain documents already taught in American history classes such as Thomas Paine’s “Common Sense” and “The Gettysburg Address”. But the bill also require[s] the Ten Commandments and three speeches by Ronald Reagan.’

The choice for the reality of history instead of the historical myth, is not the choice for Washington was a horrible racist and a slave owner instead of Washington was a great man and an inspiration for the Nation. The reality is that he was both. The reality is that the bible and the Ten Commandments were of eminent importance in our history, but were at the same time instrumental in the most horrible crimes committed by this nation. (And now the reader chooses something bad from Ronald Reagan’s career.) In the words of Walter Benjamin: ‘There is no document of civilization which is not at the same time a document of barbarism.’ The exclusion of the negatives as the Oklahoma Representative implicitly suggests make those who suffered under those negatives understandably uncomfortable.

My black daughter attends an independent school in New York City and also there – as in most of its sister institutions – the myth of white colonial and post-revolutionary history as basic American is still alive. Maybe not all the time in the academic setting – we are in New York City and we know how to talk ‘nice’ – but this idea of Americanism is still interwoven in the visual school culture and in the curriculum. Diversity and inclusion, and the publicly stated commitment to these societal virtues, are by now standard in the mission of independent schools. They all have diversity directors to educate and guide their flock on the right path. However the daily reality has not yet adapted to the ideological goodwill. The diversity struggles in New York independent schools, were very well documented in a New York Times‘ piece of February 20.

Our school for example has in fourth grade the annual ‘Colonial Fair’, which is the final celebration of several weeks of a curriculum where kids learn about colonial times. When I, without any explication about the nature of that fair, tell black friends about the existence of this educational enterprise they all react by shaking their head, raising their hands and turning up their eyeballs, or starting to giggle. White friends’ reactions are mostly neutral or positive. My black friends see immediately the problematic side of the fair, see immediately the exclusion of all of those who are not Northern and Western European white. White friends gradually discover the problem, and the less Anglo-Saxon they are the earlier they get it.

I am confident that our teachers will do everything to make sure the kids understand the context of colonialism, will become aware of the crimes against Native Americans and African Americans. Our school is not in Oklahoma, but in a New York borough where almost half of the population is not white and most, maybe all, of the families and teachers agree with diversity and equality as an integral and essential part of the education of our kids. Nevertheless there is the fair.

At the fair the kids dress up in time appropriate clothing that expresses trades and occupations from those days: blacksmith, baker, miller, etcetera. The fair itself should be of course a happy and unifying experience. The question rises however, how do children of later immigrants, like Italians, Arabs, Hispanics, Irish, Jews and Chinese fit in? Could that be done with some acting work? Most difficult is of course, how do African Americans fit in, they actually lived unlike the others in colonial times? How does my daughter who is just a year away from the 4th grade fair fit in? Does she have to dress up to personify a white person? A white person, like Washington (and Jefferson and others), who probably would have owned and abused slaves, or would have supported slavery? My ugly choice as a parent next year seems to be: let her pass as white or forbid her to participate. The third choice that she portrays a slave, which would be accurate, is unconscionable.

I imagine that the problematic exclusive side of the colonial fair, formerly Dutch Fair, at our school has been discussed in the past, but it never got the critical mass to actually change that tradition. Of course is the expression of the white colonial myth of what America is, embedded in a wider school context. It is embedded in the lack of real life diversity in independent schools, hidden in the curriculums, showing in the school décor, popping up the behavior of the kids, the staff, the faculty and the parents, in the unconscious use of exclusive language, in the daily micro aggressions. That is not because our school is insensitive or conservative or lacks empathy, it is because it is hard to really understand what it means to be on the other, non white side. I am blessed, not in the sense that I am any different from my white peers, but to have the chance to look sometimes through the lens of my kids and see what it means not to be part of the traditional, well off white majority.

The school of my daughter is not seriously different from so many other schools, independent or not, as the Times article shows. And, as I know from older friends, parents of color, the struggles now are alas only slightly different from the struggles in enlightened New York educational institutions 30 years ago. We made, it is hard to accept, only a little bit of progress. And still is, like with all complicated issues in the US, the standard line to react on the lack of change, that we need to ask the ‘hard questions’ and need ‘conversations’. Even the diversity director of the most advanced school in this field in New York City Little Red School House in the Village can’t avoid the clichés and says at the end of the Times piece: ‘[T]hese conversations are necessary.’

I am not so sure about the talking anymore. It didn’t result in much. I rather have the leadership of independent schools, who all are committed to diversity, analyze where the white – colonial – traditions, which exclude so many ‘others’, live on in their schools, schools seen as communities of students, parents, faculty, bound together by a curriculum in a physical environment, and how they are going to change those traditions.

Change we generally believe, should come from below, but now after years of not very fruitful work at the basis it seems the time has come that the top, administrators and boards, take the lead, develop a vision and carve out a path towards the inclusive schools they profess they want to be. It is really not only to avoid that my black daughter has to pass as white next year, but to make sure that our independent schools which try to educate the future leaders of this country, model for its students that being part of the academic and social elite comes with a serious responsibility toward the whole of our society. We can only claim Washington as a mythological ‘German’ hero in paint, if we are able to claim him as a flawed all-American human being as well.

Pennsylvania Supreme Court Nominee Allegedly Sent Racist Email

The nomination of a Pennsylvania judge to the state’s Supreme Court hit a road block on Friday after the Centre Daily Times reported that he once sent an allegedly racist email.

Judge Thomas K. Kistler (R), who was nominated by Gov. Tom Wolf (D), reportedly sent a holiday card via email in December 2013 that contained a photo of a black man and a black woman during a jail visit. The photo, framed by Santa Claus and a reindeer, was entitled “Merry Christmas From the Johnsons.”

Kistler forwarded the message to 22 people that included prosecutors and other members of the criminal justice system, along with the subject line “Touching and heart-warming. Merry Christmas to ALL!” The message was signed “JK.”

Kistler on Friday confirmed that he had sent the email, but denied that racism had anything to do with it.

“There was absolutely no ill intent,” the Centre County judge told the Daily Times. “It was a comment about how lightly people take being incarcerated.”

He added: “I am proud of the reputation that this whole court has for complete fairness to everyone who comes to this building. There is not one person in this building who has a racial tone to them. The last thing I would do would be to express some racial bias and send it to 20 friends.”

Kistler explained to The Philadelphia Inquirer that he didn’t mean to mock black people by sending the email, but instead meant to say, “Christmas goes on, even for the people we put in jail.”

“I don’t think it conveys humor at all. I don’t find that humorous,” he said.

News of the email is threatening to derail Kistler’s nomination. Asked about the matter at the National Governors Association meeting in Washington, D.C., on Friday, Wolf said his administration was conducting a review.

“We’re looking into it, and I’ll be making a decision once I’m confident that I know all the facts,” the governor said, according to the Inquirer.

State Sen. Daylin Leach (D), the ranking member on the Senate Judiciary Committee, called the email “unfortunate.”

“That is the court of last resort for ensuring justice and equality in Pennsylvania,” he told the Inquirer. “It is important not only that they do justice but that they are perceived to be fair and interested in doing justice. I don’t know Kistler well enough to know if this is a pattern or an aberrant incident. I am troubled by what we’ve seen thus far.”

Wolf’s other nominee to the court, Duquesne University School of Law Dean Ken Gormley, is also facing questions over a harassment complaint that was filed in 2006.

Kristen Bell & Fred Armisen Spoof 'Birdman,' 'Whiplash' In Spirit Awards Opening

Hosts Kristen Bell and Fred Armisen kicked off IFC’s broadcast of the 30th Independent Spirit Awards by spoofing some of the Best Feature nominees. Adam Scott, Bill Hader and Miles Teller also joined in on the fun.

The sketch included long, uncut “Birdman”-style shots, a shout out to J.K. Simmons’ “rushing or dragging” speech in “Whiplash” and just the right amount of slapping to confirm that this is definitely not the Oscars. Watch below.

States Seek Alternatives For Highway, Bridge Funding

JEFFERSON CITY, Mo. (AP) — Touted as one of the first interstate highways, a 200-mile span of Interstate 70 between suburban St. Louis and Kansas City stands as a prime example of the challenges facing the nation’s roads.

Built in the 1950s and ’60s with a 20-year-life expectancy, the four-lane highway is crumbling beneath its surface and clogged with traffic as it carries more than 30,000 vehicles a day on many of its rural stretches, requiring more frequent repaving. The cost to rebuild and widen it is estimated at $2 billion to $4 billion — as much as five times the projected yearly construction and maintenance budget of Missouri’s transportation department.

And there is no easy way to pay for it. The state fuel tax hasn’t risen in about 20 years, and voters defeated a 1-cent sales tax for transportation. Gov. Jay Nixon has since floated the idea of hiking the gasoline tax and reviving a previously failed plan to turn I-70’s reconstruction over to a private entity that could charge tolls estimated at up to $30 per car.

As legislatures convene across the country, lawmakers and governors are confronting similar realities in their own states: how to address an aging network of roads, highways and bridges during an era in which federal money for such projects has remained stagnant or declined.

Figures compiled by The Associated Press show the total amount of money available to states from the Federal Highway Trust Fund has declined 3.5 percent during the five-year period ending in 2013, the latest year for which numbers were available. During that span, the amount of inflation-adjusted federal highway money dropped in all states but Alaska and New York.

In response, states have tried to devise ways to fill the gap. Governors and lawmakers in several states are proposing new taxes, tolls and fees to repair a road system whose historical reliance on fuel taxes no longer is providing enough money to cover its costs.

“You’re seeing states all across the country that are looking to do something, because they realize you can’t count on the federal government,” said Missouri state Rep. Dave Hinson, a Republican who supports the idea of raising the state sales tax for road improvements.

Roads, highways and their bridges form the basic framework of everyday life in America. They provide the crucial underpinning of daily commutes, the trucking industry’s transfer of food, computers and other goods from seaports to suburban strip malls, and summertime trips to beach towns and mountain getaways. They also are generally an afterthought until they no longer are up to the task.

Governors, lawmakers, local elected officials and engineers across the country say that is where the country has arrived, with a decades-old highway infrastructure that is not receiving enough money to match its needs.

About 20 percent of the nation’s 900,000 miles of interstates and major roads are in need of resurfacing or reconstruction, according to federal data analyzed by the American Road & Transportation Builders Association. A quarter of its 600,000 bridges are in such poor condition that they are rated as structurally deficient or are considered to be functionally obsolete because they have narrow lanes or other features not designed for today’s traffic.

The funding shortfall has led to rougher roads requiring more frequent, short-term repairs and jammed commuter routes that simply have more vehicles than the roads were designed to carry.

On Missouri’s I-70, the surface remains relatively smooth, but its weakening foundation means the state must pay to repave it more frequently. Whenever a lane closes, traffic backs up for miles.

On one fairly typical recent afternoon, the congestion forced Tom Crawford to drive his Dodge Durango about 10 miles under the speed limit. Behind him, two trucks with oversized loads were backing up traffic. In front of him was another long line of blinking red tail lights.

“We’ve got trucks and cars that are just bumper to bumper — people hitting their brakes,” Crawford, president and chief executive of the Missouri Trucking Association, said in a cellphone interview from the highway.

The increased congestion on I-70 often makes trips longer for truckers, he said, potentially raising their costs.

Calls for greater funding have been getting louder in state and local governments. This year, transportation funding increases could be on the agenda in as many as one-third of state legislatures. That comes after roughly one-fourth of the states increased transportation taxes or fees during the past two years.

The state proposals stand in stark contrast to the inaction in Congress, where a temporary funding patch is scheduled to expire in May and lawmakers have been at odds over a long-term highway plan. A federal fuel tax increase appears unlikely.

Earlier this month, President Barack Obama proposed a six-year, $478 billion program to pay for highway, transit and infrastructure upgrades, with funding roughly split between the current fuel taxes and a tax on the foreign profits of U.S. corporations. How much of that plan survives Congress, where majority Republicans seek to limit government spending and reduce taxes, will not be determined for months.

Obama’s 2009 stimulus act provided a brief spike in transportation funding. But the annual amount available to states from the Federal Highway Trust Fund has hovered around $40 billion since 2007 while the needs have continued to mount.

Even though total state and federal road funding exceeded the general rate of inflation over the past decade, the pace has tapered off in recent years as the amount coming from the federal government declined. The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials estimates that annual road and bridge spending by all levels of government is falling $32 billion short of what is needed.

The flat federal funding is having an impact because states rely on federal dollars for an average of about half their capital expenses for roads and bridges, according to the American Road & Transportation Builders Association. The rest is covered with state money, which comes predominantly from fuel taxes.

Gasoline tax revenue has grown little since 2007 — and actually declined on an inflation-adjusted basis, according to some analysts — as vehicles have become more fuel-efficient and people cut back on driving.

“The method that we use to fund transportation — the primary method, the motor fuels tax — is a model that doesn’t work anymore,” said David Ellis, the top infrastructure investment analyst at the Texas A&M Transportation Institute.

To compensate, lawmakers in Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Pennsylvania and Wyoming passed gasoline tax increases during the past two years. But about half the states have not raised their gasoline taxes in at least a decade, and the federal gas tax has remained at 18.4 cents a gallon since 1993.

Although some members of Congress have expressed a willingness to consider an increase, House and Senate Republican leaders have said there aren’t enough votes to pass a gas tax hike. Many states are now considering alternative ways of paying for roads.

Virginia recently scrapped its per-gallon gasoline tax in favor of a new tax on the wholesale price of gas and a higher tax on other retail sales. The state also has turned to public-private partnerships to build projects.

Among them are new express lanes that opened in December on Interstate 95 in northern Virginia, a $925 million project financed partly by private investors who have a long-term contract to collect tolls.

Lawmakers in Minnesota, Utah and Missouri also are expected to consider proposals this year that could levy a sales tax on fuel, allowing the states to reap more money when the price of gasoline rises. And Michigan voters will decide in May on a 1 percent general sales tax for transportation.

In his inaugural address last month, California Gov. Jerry Brown cited $59 billion of needed maintenance on roads and bridges in the nation’s most populous state. He said the state was falling “further and further behind” but did not offer specifics on how to address the deficit.

Most state are simply looking to maintain their current highway system rather than add to it, said Jim Tyman, director of policy and management at the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.

“A lot of those facilities are in need of really massive rehab, almost reconstruction from the ground up,” he said.

___

Follow David A. Lieb at: https://twitter.com/DavidALieb

Copyright 2015 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.

Lone Billionaire Hits Much, Much Higher Limit For Campaign Contributions

WASHINGTON — Ken Griffin, the hedge fund billionaire who once complained about the wealthiest Americans having “insufficient influence” in politics, has become the first — and so far only — donor to report giving the maximum amount to a national political party under newly loosened campaign contribution limits.

According to a Friday filing with the Federal Election Commission, Griffin gave $324,000 to the Republican National Committee in January.

This huge contribution was split among four separate accounts, two of which were made possible by rule changes slipped into the December omnibus budget bill and one of which could expand due to that legislation. Griffin gave $32,400 to the RNC’s central election account and $97,200 each to the committee’s building, recount and convention funds.

In a 2012 interview with the Chicago Tribune, Griffin had explained that he would be increasing his political investments because, in his judgment, the rich had “insufficient influence” in the political process. The view from Griffin’s perch running the hedge fund Citadel is not shared by many others. Multiple political scientists, for example, argue that the rich and the near-rich are the only people who have any real influence in the political arena.

Prior to the December legislation, party committees could accept $32,400 per year from an individual donor for their main account and another contribution for their recount account. This meant that before 2015, a single donor could give a maximum contribution of $64,800 per year to a party committee. Griffin’s contribution to the RNC is five times that amount.

A few other donors have taken advantage of the new limits, albeit not as generously as Griffin. They include Timothy Curt of Warburg Pincus, Michael Vlock of Crittall Windows and Stephen Ziegler of Inpro Corporation. All three gave to the RNC’s new accounts.

The higher contribution limits were added at the last minute in budget negotiations during Congress’ post-election lame duck session. House Democratic leadership attempted to strip the provision from the omnibus bill, and many Senate Democrats decried its inclusion.

House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) pointed to the measure as a reason to redouble efforts to pass new campaign finance reforms in a letter circulated after the bill’s passage. “The inclusion of the outrageous campaign contribution provision gives further evidence of the need for campaign finance reform, and an opportunity for advancing initiatives to empower small donors and all American voters,” Pelosi wrote.

Nonetheless, Democratic budget negotiators made the deal with Republicans to raise the contribution limits. Marc Elias, a lawyer for the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee, was tapped by Senate Democratic leadership to negotiate a possible change, and he emerged from the talks with those dramatically higher limits.

More money from wealthy donors could help the DSCC pay back loans it took out to purchase a new headquarters. The building funds made possible by the December legislation are permitted to pay off debts incurred in the past two years.

How much, or from whom, the DSCC has raised this year in its new building fund (or in its recount and convention funds) is not yet known. Because the party committee changed its filing status with the FEC, its next report is not due until July 15.

As for the Democratic National Committee and the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee, they do not appear to be taking full advantage of the new limits yet. The only contributions to the new and expanded accounts so far are a $2,800 donation to the DNC’s convention account from an S. Grace Williams and a $10,000 donation to the DCCC’s recount fund from Higher Education Partners founder Michael Perik.

Because of the new rules, individual members of Congress are likely also feeling pressure to raise more money through their leadership PACs to give to the parties. Previously, those PACs could donate only $15,000 a year to party committees — although lawmakers could transfer unlimited sums from their own campaigns. Now, the leadership PACs can be tapped for $15,000 for the party committee’s election account and another $45,000 each for the recount, building and convention accounts, for a total of $150,000.

Since December, the leadership PACs of Reps. Paul Ryan (R-Wis.), Fred Upton (R-Mich.), Greg Walden (R-Ore.) and Bob Goodlatte (R-Va.) have all made large contributions to the recount and building funds controlled by the National Republican Congressional Committee.

10 Worst Paying Jobs For Women

A full-time female employee earned 82.5% of what a man earned in 2014, up considerably from 1979, when women made an estimated 62% of what men did. While this is certainly an improvement, progress has slowed between 2000 and 2014.

In many of the largest occupations in the country, women earn close to what men do on a weekly basis. In others, however, the disparity remains closer to the 1979 levels. Median weekly earnings among female workers in all of the 10 occupations with the widest gender pay gap were less than three-quarters of what males earned. The typical female personal financial advisor brought in just 61.3% of her male counterpart’s earnings in 2014, the widest pay gap among all occupations reviewed.

Based on the Current Population Survey from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, 24/7 Wall St. identified the 10 occupations where the median weekly full-time earnings among women was the smallest as a percent of men’s earnings.

According to Ariane Hegewisch, a study director at the Institute for Women’s Policy Research, pay gaps between men and women are often wider in traditionally high-paying occupations. Six of the 10 occupations with the widest pay gaps had median weekly earnings of more than $1,100, and were all among the higher weekly earnings figures.

These relatively high-paying jobs tend to have much more flexible pay packages that can include such extra incomes as commissions, bonuses, and merit pay. These advantages frequently favor males over females. Six of the 10 occupations had commission-based pay structures, available bonuses, merit-based pay such as tips, or a combination of the three.

These extra earnings are most common in financial occupations. Personal financial advisors, financial services sales agents, and financial managers all had among the 10 worst pay gaps, as well as relatively high median weekly earnings for men and women. The more forms of extra earnings available, Hegewisch explained, “the more scope there is for bias and discrimination.”

Click here to see the worst paying jobs for women

How well-represented females are in a particular occupation’s workforce is also a factor contributing to the pay gap. The occupations with the smallest pay gaps tend to have higher proportions of female workers. Alternatively, in six of the 10 occupations with the worst pay gaps, females were a minority of the workforce in 2014.

Hegewisch explained that men working in occupations with fewer men experience less discrimination than women working in male-dominated fields. Discrimination can take several forms. For example, it can be direct when a person is treated differently based on a personal characteristic protected by law. Discrimination can occur indirectly, when a practice or condition is implemented that will have the effect of illegitimate discrimination.

The gender composition of the workforce has changed over the last several decades, but the demands of both career and motherhood remain the same. Jobs such as doctors pay women less in part because women often choose specialties that require fewer hours and can accommodate family responsibilities. For example surgeons, who can “work 80-hour weeks, or 14 hours in a stretch” and receive more money as a result, are disproportionately men, Hegewisch said.

However, even where females seem to dominate a speciality — such as pediatrics — they still earn less than male doctors, according to a 2010 report from the Center for Research on Gender in the Professions. And, the Center concluded, “Women also earn less than men in the higher paying specialties. For example, women gastroenterologists make 79% of what their male counterparts earn.”

To identify the 10 occupations with the largest gender wage gap, 24/7 Wall St. reviewed the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics’ release of earnings data from the Current Population Survey (CPS) for 2014. The data are based on weekly earnings of both men and women working at least 35 hours a week year-round. We considered only occupations not broken out into more specific categories by the CPS. We also excluded those occupations not found in the BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook (OOH). As the BLS explained, the OOH provides much greater detail and more data for occupations.

These are the jobs with the largest pay gaps between men and women.