Maundy Thursday 2015: The History Behind The Holy Thursday Before Easter

Maundy Thursday is observed by Christians on the Thursday before Easter, which falls this year on April 2. “Holy Thursday,” as it is also commonly known, marks the Last Supper of Jesus Christ with his apostles prior to his betrayal, trial and crucifixion as portrayed in the Christian gospels.

While the Palm Sunday and Easter observances of Holy Week are generally more joyful, Maundy Thursday observances take on a more solemn tone and focus on two primary rituals that are portrayed in the biblical accounts of the Last Supper.

The name “Maundy Thursday” is derived from the Latin word mandatum meaning “commandment.” The primary commandment of Jesus’ message is found in the story of the Last Supper when Jesus humbles himself to wash the feet of his apostles prior to the traditional Passover meal, or Seder. Jesus then commands them to “Love one another as I have loved you” (John 13:34). In observance of this commandment, the act of feet-washing is often performed as part of Maundy Thursday church services.

Another important Christian ritual to come out of the Last Supper story is that of the Eucharist or Holy Communion. Described in all three of the synoptic gospels and expounded upon in Paul’s epistle to the Corinthians, Christians take communion to replicate Jesus’ giving of bread and wine to his apostles during their final meal together. While different denominations may maintain different specific interpretations of the ritual, many incorporate a special communion into the Maundy Thursday liturgy.

Have You Heard the Good News?

In the wake of the financial crisis, President Obama took the helm of a sinking economic ship and help to right it. The unemployment rate is now once again at pre-recession levels — the lowest in seven years (5.5%).

President Obama’s Administration, with only opposition from the Republicans, has steadily help put more than 11 million Americans back to work in the private sector. In the strongest period of American manufacturing job growth since the 1990s, the sector has added more than 750,000 jobs since February 2010. As New York Times columnist Paul Krugman notes, the economy is “now adding jobs at a rate not seen since the Clinton years.” The dollar is on its fastest rise in 40 years; its value has increased 14% in this first quarter alone and it’s the strongest it’s been in 12 years compared to the Euro.

Maybe most important, the number of long-term unemployed is down by 1.1 million. Why are the Republicans so silent about the good news? They claim to be the party of “jobs.” Perhaps they knew their history.

PBS pointed out a study from the “strictly non-partisan National Bureau for Economic Research” that shows “under Democratic presidents, per capita GDP has been higher; job creation has been stronger; decreases in unemployment have been greater; the S&P 500 stock index has been higher; corporate profits have been bigger; and real wages and labor productivity have increased.”

As Brad Plumer also noted in the Washington Post, “Since World War II, there’s been a strikingly consistent pattern in American politics: The economy does much better when a Democrat is in the White House… the U.S. economy has grown at an average real rate of 4.35 percent under Democratic presidents and just 2.54 percent under Republicans.” If one drops the Eisenhower years, it is far worse for the GOP.

This pattern holds true under President Obama. The conservative Wall Street Journal had to admit, “American families have made major progress cutting their debt burdens, putting them in a stronger position to drive spending and growth. Total U.S. household debt was about 107% of disposable income in the fourth quarter, down from 108% in the previous quarter and well over 130% before the recession.” Under President Obama, the deficit continues to fall even more since being cut in half by 2013 from 2009. In his first term, the president also cut taxes by $3,600 for the average middle-class family.

The frustration now is the lack of wage increases — an obstacle that must be overcome both by raising the minimum wage and our corporations rewarding the increase in productivity among our workers. Of course there’s not been an encouraging word from the GOP, which opposes any increase in the federal minimum wage. In fact, their 2016 frontrunner, Jeb Bush, does not think there should be a federal minimum wage.

The GOP does not care to understand the late Senator Paul Wellstone’s maxim, “We all do better when we all do better.” Increasing wages means more economic demand for more goods and services, and boosts the economy. Somehow, Republicans remain intent on cutting taxes for the already rich and devastating domestic spending.

The House once again just proposed the “Ryan” budget full of unexplained and mysterious trillions of dollars in savings while cutting revenue, savaging domestic spending and proposing vouchers to purchase insurance instead of traditional Medicare. As Krugman writes, if it “were to become law, it would leave the federal government several trillion dollars deeper in debt than claimed, and that’s just in the first decade.” With the budget deficit radically dropping under President Obama and the increasingly better jobs reports, why would we believe these GOP austerity measures would help average families? We don’t because they won’t. Krugman again: “The simplest way to understand [the GOP budget proposals] is surely to suppose that they are intended to do what they would, in fact, actually do: make the rich richer and ordinary families poorer.”

They’re also intent on misrepresenting the economic facts of the Affordable Care Act. Thanks to the ACA, 16. 4 million previously uninsured adults now have health care coverage under the ACA. The Brookings Institution pointed out in March that “more than 4.2 million households, or 7.5 million people, are likely to qualify for both the [Earned Income Tax Credit] and [ACA’s] premium tax credit” – – this in addition to improved, comprehensive health care coverage. Over the next 10 years, the Congressional Budget Office projected the ACA will actually cost $109 billion less than previously anticipated. And last year, the LA Times reported, “Insurance premiums are lower than anticipated, the Affordable Care Act will cost $9 billion less than previously estimated and the provision designed to buffer insurance companies from risk will actually raise revenue, not function as any sort of federal government bailout.”

The Republican response to how the ACA is helping Americans and heath care costs is to try to repeal it (56 times as of February) and attempt to hobble it with litigation. GOP presidential candidate, Senator Ted Cruz, who this week vowed to “repeal every word of Obamacare,” hypocritically receives health insurance for his family through the Federal “Obamacare” exchange.

Are Republicans who control both houses of Congress interested in governing or will they remain stuck in their ideological corner? Their current approval rating of 11% does not seem to faze them, so the signs are not encouraging. In an unprecedented move, 47 Senate Republicans just signed a letter deliberately undermining both our President and important allies’ in the negotiation to halt nuclear arms proliferation by Iran.

So it looks like the facts be damned, the GOP has decided that the ideological corner is where they will remain. The voters will have a chance next year to change this.

Why I Wrote About Trafficking and Support Free the Slaves

By James Hannaham

Before I read John Bowe’s book Nobodies: and the Dark Side of the New Global Economy (2007), I had been kicking around the idea that I would someday write a novel that explored the legacy of slavery and its connections to discrimination and racism in the United States. It often had seemed to me that whenever people got into a deep discussion about race, the language and shorthand of antebellum chattel slavery days was always at hand, as if those days were still with us. I had just done an MFA at the Michener Center for Writers’ at the University of Texas, and I was heavily under the influence of the mid-Century modernist novelists who had a populist streak, Ellison, Faulkner, Steinbeck, blues poet Sterling A. Brown.

While at Michener, I had taken an English grad class called “Cultural Tourism, Slavery Museums, and the Modern Neo-Slavery Novel,” in which we read some really terrific books of the latter heretofore unsung genre: Ishmael Reed’s Flight to Canada, Shirley Anne Williams’ Dessa Rose, Toni Morrison’s Beloved, and Charles Johnson’s Middle Passage, among others. From my reading of these books, I gleaned that one of the problems of writing fiction about slavery always seemed to be the difficulty of demonstrating convincingly and artistically that the attitudes and prejudices of our slave past had not disappeared, but merely dressed themselves differently. How could I prove, with a story that the issues raised by slavery were still urgent, still timely? Little did I know.

In Bowe’s book, I read the story of Joyce Grant, a woman who found herself enslaved in Florida in 1992. My eyes practically fell out of my head. I had held the belief, like so many other people, that slavery was dead and gone, certainly in the deep south, and certainly among black people. I intuited a few things about this dangerous knowledge: 1.) Nobody wanted to face this, so I could probably have the subject matter to myself for at least as long as it would take to write a novel; 2 ) People ought to face it; 3.) The parallels between antebellum chattel slavery and modern slavery could not have been more obvious than a black woman enslaved in Florida in 1992. Here was my way to bridge the gap between the present day and slavery of the past that had before seemed elusive.

While I found a lot of nonfiction that dealt with modern slavery in my research, I never came across a novel set in the U.S. that described the debt slavery that had captured Joyce Grant. What a dramatic story it promised to be, though. It had a certain upsettingly human yet operatic quality to it. By 2008, when I started working on my second novel, Delicious Foods, I had all of this in mind when I constructed the story of Darlene Hardison, a community organizer and shopkeeper who falls into a spiral of drug addiction and despair that leads her to the door of Delicious Foods, a shady outfit that indulges in many of the tactics of modern slavers. Except for one or two details from Bowe’s book, I decided I didn’t want to try to tell Joyce Grant’s story, but to construct my own tale, especially once I’d done more research and realized how widespread the problem of modern slavery is. I was only writing about “crackhead crews,” in the agricultural sector in the USA, not international sex trafficking, nor entrapment of Eastern European women in the hotel industry, nor coyotes smuggling Mexican nationals into California. But I wouldn’t have known about the extent of things had it not been for how many of the materials published by Free the Slaves Co-founder Kevin Bales I read: Disposable People, The Slave Next Door, and To Plead Our Own Cause.

Even before I read these books, and the various accounts of people who have been exploited in such terrible ways, I knew that part of the book’s mission should be to raise awareness about these illegal practices. How could no one know? How could I not have known? It began to seem to me that the whole of consumerism was based on people’s desire not to know and companies’ desire to keep a whole range of questionable activities under wraps. When Delicious Foods came out, I knew I would have to support Free the Slaves. I made the decision partially on the recommendation of John Bowe, with whom I’ve had many conversations about slavery. John convinced me that the work Free the Slaves does is important not just because it’s fighting slavery but because of the organization’s comprehensive approach, their mission goes from making actual rescues to lobbying for legislation against slavery.

I don’t think I have the gumption to rescue actual slaves, but I am 100 percent behind anyone who does.

Free the Slaves note: Delicious Foods is receiving great reviews, and the official book launch recently in New York-a benefit for Free the Slaves-was a tremendous success. We’re grateful that James has chosen to support our work!

Wilco Cancels Upcoming Show In Indianapolis Because Of Anti-Gay 'Religious Freedom' Law

Chicago-based rock band Wilco has canceled a show planned for May 7 in Indianapolis, Indiana, because of the anti-gay “religious freedom” bill signed into law by Gov. Mike Pence (R) last week.

The band tweeted Monday that they wouldn’t perform in the state, saying the Religious Freedom Restoration Act “feels like thinly disguised legal discrimination”:

The band is not the first group to speak out against the law, which would allow any individual or corporation to cite its religious beliefs as a defense when sued by a private party. Both the NCAA — which is holding its men’s basketball championship games in Indianapolis — and the NBA have spoken out in favor of “inclusion” since Pence signed the bill into law. Several college presidents have also raised concerns over the law.

The mayors of both Seattle, and San Francisco, have said they won’t allow taxpayer money to be used for city employees’ trips to the state. On Monday, Connecticut Gov. Dan Malloy (D) said he would sign an executive order banning state-funded travel to Indiana because of the law.

Those who oppose the Religious Freedom Restoration Act have argued that it could hurt LGBT patrons by giving business owners who don’t want to serve them legal protections to discriminate.

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