Rules Against Bare Breasts Reinforce Stereotypes About Women, Judge Says

Women in Fort Collins, Colorado, are a little freer now that a federal judge has halted an ordinance prohibiting the public baring of female breasts.

U.S. District Judge R. Brooke Jackson granted an injunction on Wednesday, writing that the municipal ordinance discriminated against women and reinforced negative stereotypes.

Jackson explained:

“I find that the ordinance discriminates against women based on the generalized notion that, regardless of a woman’s intent, the exposure of her breasts in public (or even in her private home if viewable by the public) is necessarily a sexualized act. Thus, it perpetuates a stereotype engrained in our society that female breasts are primarily objects of sexual desire whereas male breasts are not.”

The judge pointed out that laws requiring women to cover their breasts turn them into a sight to see:

“The naked female breast is seen as disorderly or dangerous because society, from Renaissance paintings to Victoria’s Secret commercials, has conflated female breasts with genitalia and stereotyped them as such. The irony is that by forcing women to cover up their bodies, society has made naked women’s breasts something to see.”

Jackson also noted that Fort Collins hadn’t offered “any meaningful evidence that the mere sight of a female breast endangers children”:

“The female breast, after all, is one of the first things a child sees. Of course, those are very young children, but children of any age might come upon a woman breastfeeding a child and see a naked breast. Yet no one suggests that they are harmed by that experience. Indeed, public breastfeeding is permitted by Colorado law.”

The city ordinance required females over the age of 10 to pay a $250 fine if they displayed any part of the breast below the top of the nipple. There was an exception for mothers who were breastfeeding.

No woman has been charged with violating the ordinance, according to The Associated Press.

City attorney Carrie Daggett issued a statement Wednesday saying that Fort Collins will no longer cite women for exposing a breast in public, pending a final decision in the case. She added:

“While the judge has acknowledged the other cases upholding similar laws, he concluded he is likely to find the city’s restriction on female toplessness in public is based on an impermissible gender stereotype that results in a form of gender-based discrimination. The city is reviewing the judge’s decision in this case and city legal, policy and enforcement staff will be considering the city’s options for next steps in light of the order.”

Brit Hoagland, one of the plaintiffs in Free the Nipple v. City of Fort Collins, declared the preliminary injunction a “historic victory,” one that grants privileges to women that men have enjoyed all along.

It’s a huge relief,” she told the Coloradan. “It is definitely a big win.”

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Here's What's Really Happening When Your 'Hair Hurts'

Chances are you’re familiar with the specific discomfort that comes with taking your hair out of an updo after a long day. But have you ever considered why it’s so sore? Turns out, it’s not your actual hair that hurts at all. 

Dr. Angela Lamb, director of the Westside Mount Sinai Dermatology Faculty Practice, director of dermatology at the Institute of Family Health and an assistant dermatology professor at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, told The Huffington Post that it’s the nerve endings attached to each specific hair that are actually affected. 

“Hair follicles are some of the first receptors of feeling,” she said. “Your hair is a whole component of your nervous system, so when you pull it up that puts pressure on the nerve endings that are at the root of the follicle. When you do that over time, they get sore.”

According to Jessica Wu, M.D., a Los Angeles dermatologist, it’s also a matter of your hair growing accustomed to being in one position. “The nerve endings get used to the hair being in that direction,” she said. “Then when you take your hair down, the nerve endings get stimulated again, so your scalp feels more sensitive.”

But before you throw your hair back up into a ponytail and write off this discomfort as harmless, think again. Pulling your hair up repeatedly and too often can, as Lamb explained, can “put you at risk for something we call traction alopecia: Hair loss literally just from putting up, stress and tension on the hair.” Wu added that repeated pulling can also make the hair “thinner.”

Furthermore, constantly putting your hair up in the same way, whether for exercise or otherwise, can cause damage to your actual hair, too. “Hair is dead, it’s just made of Keratin, but certainly if you put too much tension and pressure on it that can cause breakage,” Lamb said. Try instead to do a variation of different updos, whether it be braids one day, a bun the next or a ponytail after that. 

When it comes to braids, it’s important to keep in mind that they are rooted in the black experience and particularly rocked by women of color in various ways. However, these beautiful hair styles can sometimes pull tightly on the scalp. Lamb warns that “braids are one of the main culprits of traction alopecia,” and that this rule applies for all hair types. Her advice for women who have their hair braided? “Make sure they are loose and not pulling on the hair too much or too tight.”

If you have an unwavering affection for updos and are left scarred by the thought of hair loss, fear not. There are steps you can take to not only prevent soreness of the scalp but also potential hair loss. “Don’t do it every day,” Lamb said. “If you have it up during the day, be sure to take it out for the evening. And just don’t do a pulled back style daily ― that’s when you can run into problems.”

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LGBTQ Groups Slam Trump's Reversal Of Transgender Bathroom Policies

In a troubling, if predictable, move, President Donald Trump’s administration announced Wednesday that it would revoke a federal policy prohibiting schools from discriminating against transgender students.  

It was a stark reversal of the expanded protections put in place under then-President Barack Obama last year. In May, the Obama administration notified public schools they risked losing federal funding if they followed the lead of North Carolina’s House Bill 2 by requiring trans students to use the restrooms that correspond with the gender they were assigned at birth. 

In a statement, Attorney General Jeff Sessions explained that the Department of Education and the Department of Justice had withdrawn Obama’s directive because it lacked thorough legal analysis and hadn’t gone through a public vetting process. “Congress, state legislatures, and local governments are in a position to adopt appropriate policies or laws addressing this issue,” he wrote. “The Department of Justice remains committed to the proper interpretation and enforcement of Title IX and to its protections for all students, including LGBTQ students, from discrimination, bullying, and harassment.”

Though Education Secretary Betsy DeVos was reportedly against rescinding the order, she echoed Sessions’s sentiments. “This is an issue best solved at the state and local level. Schools, communities, and families can find – and in many cases have found – solutions that protect all students,” she wrote in a statement.

LGBTQ advocacy groups, however, felt differently. With everything from marriage equality and anti-discrimination efforts possibly at stake under Trump, many advocates and allies see the move as a brutal reminder that their rights are not a priority for the current administration. Gay & Lesbian Victory Institute President and CEO Aisha C. Moodie-Mills called it “a shameful display of failed leadership,” while the National LGBTQ Task Force Executive Director Rea Carey blasted the effort as “an outrageous attack on the most vulnerable in our education system, transgender children.” 

GLAAD, GLSEN and the American Civil Liberties Union all offered similar distaste for the policy reversal, as did other prominent groups. See how they responded below. 

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The Internet Loves This 7-Year-Old Talking About The Robot She Made

This mini engineer is putting a smile on a lot of people’s faces.

On Feb. 18, Facebook page Because of Them We Can posted a video that shows 7-year-old Noelle demonstrating how a robot that she made works. In the video, Noelle explains how her robot receives the energy to spin and then draws things thanks to the markers attached to it.

Roosevelt Scales, Noelle’s father, told The Huffington Post that his daughter made the robot for school. She attends California’s Da Vinci Innovation Academy, a school that includes instruction both on-site and at home.

“On site two days a week, she participates in project-based learning that ranges in topics from physics to fashion while her homeschool curriculum is culturally relevant and uses the Black365 calendar to introduce historical figures and events,” he said. “She also takes a weekly class at an art studio where they integrate science, technology, engineering, art and math (STEAM).”

Scales told HuffPost his daughter is always creating and drawing and that she makes something new every day.

“She’ll make books, games, clothes ― she is very intrigued by new things and finding out the hows and whys,” he said.

Robotics engineering is merely one of Noelle’s interests. Her dad said every day she aspires to be something different when she grows up. She is also into fashion, improv theater and painting. 

In less than a week, Noelle has racked up more than 76,000 views on the Because of Them We Can Facebook page. 

“#FACT: Black talent is real,” the page wrote in the caption.

The 7-year-old also got another 51,000 views after HuffPost’s Philip Lewis posted it. Scales said it “was exciting” for his daughter to see the reach of her video. 

“We are just a regular family trying to enjoy life and give our kids the best opportunity to figure out life for themselves,” he said. “So we think it is great that something that she did and didn’t think much about can be shared and viewed because this is where the real life is found ― in kids experimenting to discover.”

The HuffPost Parents newsletter offers a daily dose of personal stories, helpful advice and comedic takes on what it’s like to raise kids today. Sign up here.

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Bomb Kills At Least 10 In Upscale Shopping District In Pakistan's Lahore

LAHORE, Pakistan, Feb 23 (Reuters) – A bomb blast in an upscale shopping center in Pakistan’s eastern city of Lahore killed at least 10 people on Thursday, a provincial government spokesman said, the latest attack in a surge of violence that has shaken the country.

“It was a bomb blast with a huge sound impact that smashed the windows of almost all the buildings around,” said Punjab government spokesman Malik Mohammad Khan.

He said the blast caused a huge crater and authorities were investigating the exact “nature and motives” of the blast. Punjab police spokesman Nayab Haider said the explosion was caused by a bomb that was detonated either remotely or by timer.

Pakistan has been struck by a wave of militant attacks in recent weeks which have killed at least 130 people. One attack at a Sufi shrine in southern Sindh province killed 90 people.

Rescue officials said security forces cordoned off the site of Thursday’s blast, in a residential neighborhood which also houses banks and coffee shops, after what one bank worker described as a frightening explosion.

“We left the building and saw that the motor-bikes parked outside were on fire and all the windows in the surrounding buildings were shattered,” eyewitness Mohammad Khurram told Reuters.

Reports of a second explosion in the city turned out to be a tire blow-out, a government official said.

Thursday’s bombing was the second attack in Lahore in two weeks. A suicide bombing on Feb. 13 killed at least 13 people at a protest near the provincial assembly.

Government and military officials have vowed to hunt down militants across the country and Pakistan’s border with Afghanistan has been shut down due to security concerns.

After the shrine bombing, Pakistani security forces said they had killed more than 100 suspected militants in targeted campaigns across the country.

(Writing by Saad Sayeed; Editing by Nick Macfie, Mehreen Zahra-Malik and Dominic Evans)

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Police Make More Arrests As They Raid Dakota Access Protest Camp For Second Day

CANNON BALL, N.D. — Officers arrested about 20 Dakota Access Pipeline protesters on Thursday after they defied a Wednesday deadline to leave the camp. 

Roughly 50 “water protectors” had remained in Oceti Sakowin camp before law enforcement swept in to apprehend some of the holdouts. Authorities appeared to restrain protesters with plastic handcuffs before placing them inside utility track vehicles that carried detainees up a hill. 

Officials had also driven bulldozers and armored vehicles into the camp on federal lands near the Standing Rock Sioux’s reservation and a disputed section of the pipeline. 

The camp has for months served as a base for protests against the pipeline, which the Sioux and their supporters argue violates their treaty rights and could contaminate their water source. The Morton County sheriff’s department has arrested more than 700 protesters since last summer. 

North Dakota Gov. Doug Burgum (R) and the Army Corps of Engineers had ordered the camp to be emptied by Wednesday afternoon. They cited health and safety risks, as the area will likely flood from melting snow and possibly pollute nearby rivers with debris and waste from the camp. 

Authorities also arrested “approximately 10” people on Wednesday after the deadline passed to vacate the site. 

Photographer Josh Morgan contributed reporting from North Dakota.

This is a developing story. Check back for updates.  

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Why Does the Power of the Flu Shot Change Each Year?

It’s still flu season, but a preliminary report by the US Centers for Disease Control suggests this year’s flu shot is nearly 50 percent effective at reducing a person’s chance of getting sick. This is actually pretty good considering that, just two years ago, the flu shot’s effectiveness was down at a paltry 19…

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Treasure Trove of Internal Apple Memos Discovered in Thrift Store

Peeking inside a book bin at a Seattle Goodwill, Redditor vadermeer caught an interesting, unexpected glimpse into the early days of Apple: a cache of internal memos, progress reports, and legal pad scribbles from 1979 and 1980, just three years into the tech monolith’s company history.

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Creepy Teardown Reveals What's Inside a Robot Designed to Spy on Nature

In an effort to capture never-before-seen footage of animals in their natural habitats, the BBC’s Spy in the Wild series created robotic versions of meerkats, monkeys, and other creatures designed to blend in with their real-life counterparts. The robots are remarkably lifelike, until you remove all of their fur and…

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Under the Skin of Spy in the Wild’s Animatronic Creatures

The BBC Earth and PBS animatronic wild animal series Spy in the Wild places realistic animatronic creatures in the midst of real ones so they can capture never-before-seen video of animals in their native habitats. The producers of the series have released a cool new video that shows off the amazing technology under the “skin” of these realistic animals.


Beneath the faux skin and fur of these lifelike animals you will find some incredible mechanical engineering. The skeleton of articulated metal limbs is controlled by sophisticated electronics and servos, then wrapped in a realistic costume that is good enough to fool the real animals. Nature documentaries sure have come a long way.

Each of these faux creatures mimics the moves of its real world doppelganger, and each one takes months to design and build. You can see why. For more on these incredible creations, be sure to listen to NATURE’s fascinating interview with animatronic designer John Nolan:

[via Laughing Squid]