Massive Star Explosion Breaks Records

NASA_Supernova.jpgAstronomers have discovered a new kind of cosmic explosion that seems to have originated from an exceptionally massive star–one that’s over 200 times the size of our own sun, according to Space.com.

Scientists first discovered SN2007bi, the supernova in question, in 2007, and were immediately perplexed. It finally faded just recently. “It was much brighter, and it was bright for a very long time,” said researcher Paolo Mazzali, of the Max-Planck Institute for Astrophysics in Germany, in the report. “We could observe this thing almost two years after it was discovered, where you normally don’t see anything anymore.”

The resultant explosion was about 50 to 100 times brighter than a typical supernova–and rewrites what astronomers knew about star formation. 2N2007bi has turned out to be a pair-instability supernova, which releases protons so energetic that they create pairs of electrons and their anti-matter opposites, positrons, the report said. The two meet, annihilate each other, and cause the star itself to collapse, “igniting its oxygen core in a runaway nuclear explosion that eats up the whole star.” Sounds delicious. (Image credit: NASA/illustration)

Monstrous Mechanical Marvels: 9 More Enormous Gadgets

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Ugly and sometimes frightening, the largest “gadgets” on Earth help mankind achieve the magnificent. Take, for example, the airplane above, whose hideous looks have earned it the nickname Oscar Meyer Wienermobile. Mock it all you want, but that wiener can carry more cargo than your puny human body ever will.


Last month, Wired.com presented nine of the largest machines roaming the planet. Many of you commented with even better suggestions for enormous gadgets that we somehow missed. We’ve compiled them here, along with several more mechanical marvels we found. In this gallery, you’ll see a machine that simulates earthquakes, a Ferris wheel that takes you as high as the clouds, a giant telescope that keeps an eye on our universe, airplanes that help make space exploration possible, and more.

Boeing 747 Large Cargo Freighter

The mustard-yellow Boeing 747 Large Cargo Freighter (above) transports aircraft parts to Boeing from suppliers all over the world. Also called the Dreamlifter, this plane is a modified version of the commercial 747, also known as the Jumbo Jet. The original 747’s length, height and fuselage (i.e., main body section that holds cargo) were expanded to haul more cargo by volume than any airplane in the world. (One can only imagine how many actual Oscar Meyer wieners the Wienermobile could transport.)

Photo: Drewski2112/Flickr


Worlds Largest Network Radio Telescope Powers Up

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If one telescope is good, 35 is most assuredly better. That’s the number of networked radio telescopes that just powered up to observe 243 quasars across the universe, according to Space.com.

The goal, in what amounts to a record-breaking effort: “improve the precision of the reference time frame that today’s scientists use to measure positions in the sky,” as well as possibly enhance future Earth-based GPS systems.

Quasars emit powerful radio waves, and are distant enough to appear stationary as seen from our planet, the report said. Scientists will combine data using a technique called very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) to measure celestial positions. (Image credit: U.S. Navy/Naval Oceanography Portal)

Lunar Water Discovery Fuels Colonization Dreams

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NASA’s announcement on Friday that the LCROSS moon probe discovered significant water ice at the lunar south pole is fueling colonization hopes, Space.com reports. The idea is that someday humans could either colonize the moon, exploit it as a source of minerals, or use it as a launch pad to stage further space missions unhindered by Earth’s atmosphere.

For now, scientists are just concentrating on where they can find more than the equivalent of a dozen 2-gallon buckets of ice water already found, the report said. But in turn, it’s leading to a private moon race similar to the existing one for reusable spacecraft.

Astronomers Detect Huge Explosion in Space

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This is starting to become a regular event: Astronomers have detected what appears to be the most distant object anyone has seen from Earth, according to NPR.

The discovery, which appears in the current issue of Nature, involves a gamma ray burst, which is essentially a type of exploding star (visible as the tiny red dot in the center of the photo). “These things are brighter than anything else we know of in the universe,” said Nial Tanvir, a University of Leicester astronomer who was on one of the two teams involved in the discovery. “In principle we can see them very far away but they’re incredibly rare.”

So here’s the tech portion: the astronomers used NASA’s SWIFT satellite to find the gamma ray burst. In this case, it turns out to be from a star that collapsed when the universe was “only” 600 million years old; that’s 13.1 billion years ago. The light took that long to reach us, and finally arrived on April 23rd of this year–and is the most distant object ever detected, according to the report.

“It was absolutely thrilling — a spine-tingling moment, actually,” Tanvir said in the article. (Thanks to Warren W for sending this in.) (Image credit: A.J.Levan and N.R.Tanvir/Nature)

Scientists Create Pseudo Black Hole in Lab

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Researchers figured out how to simulate a miniature black hole in a lab–though fortunately for us, it’s not going to eat the Earth, as Space.com reports.

“The device we created is not a real black hole, but only a device to mimic the black-hole effect,” said researcher Tie Jun Cui, a professor at Southeast University in China, in the article. “Actually, the device can trap and absorb the electromagnetic waves which hit the device. Hence we call it as the Electromagnetic Black Hole.” Essentially, the pseudo black hole sucks in light, but not mass.

The team “built the black hole” (I love my job) out of circuit board, by linking 60 concentric circular layers etched with copper patterns, the report said. In turn, the patterns interact with electromagnetic waves. That means the device, as a result, absorbs any incoming light that’s in the microwave range of the spectrum–but not any mass. (Image credit: Cheng/Cui/Arxiv)

Three Universities Plan Automation of Astrophysical Discoveries

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Carnegie Mellon, Johns Hopkins, and the University of Washington are receiving $1.6 million from the Department of Energy (DOE) to enable the automated discovery of astrophysical phenomena.

The idea is to capitalize on a new generation of telescopes–to be built and deployed over the next decade–by automating the sifting of massive amounts of cosmological data. The tools will be able to spot new objects for further study, as well as identify patterns in observational data that could help scientists understand how the universe evolved.

Large Hadron Collider Hits Operational Temperatures

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Get ready to duck (again). The Large Hadron Collider, the world’s largest particle accelerator, has now reached an operating temperature of 1.9K–colder than outer space itself, according to Ars Technica.

That means the LHC will soon be ready to begin crashing particles together, after a catastrophic failure and series of repairs over the past year took the accelerator out of commission.

The current prognosis is that the LHC will begin operations sometime in the next five weeks. It will accelerate particles at speeds very close to the speed of light. In effect, they’d run around the 16.7-mile length of the accelerator over 11,000 times per second, the report said. That necessitates the accelerator contain a vacuum that’s an order of magnitude less dense than the moon’s atmosphere. In other words, this is tough stuff, so let’s give those guys a break about that whole catastrophic failure thing. (Image credit: CERN)

Scientists Discover Huge Ring Around Saturn

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Scientists have discovered a huge ring around Saturn–and no, not the ones we already all know about. (This isn’t The Onion.)

NASA scientists have found a ring much further out from the planet, one that’s made up of debris from Saturn’s distant moon Phoebe, according to Space.com. It turns out astronomers have long suspected the presence of this ring because of the color of another one of the planet’s moons, Iapetus. Iapetus has one dark side and one light side; some scientists figured that it could be debris dust from Phoebe, since the composition was very similar, according to the report.

Astronomers Discover First Earthlike Exoplanet

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After finding over 370 extrasolar planets over the past 15 years, scientists have confirmed the first Earth-like rocky planet outside the solar system, according to CNN.

To date, known exoplanets have been gas giants like Jupiter and Saturn. That doesn’t necessarily mean the recently discovered rocky planet, called COROT-7B, can support life. While its composition may be similar to that of our own planet, COROT-7B orbits very close to its star, the report said. The planet’s daytime temperature at the surface could reach over 3,600 degrees Fahrenheit, while its nighttime temperature may drop to 328 degrees below zero.

Astronomer Artie Hatzes said in the report that the star-facing side of the planet was likely molten, while the back could be icy. “We think it has no atmosphere to redistribute the heat,” he said, adding that astronomers “would never have dreamed” of finding a rocky planet orbiting so close to a star–close enough that its entire “year” is shorter than one of our own 24-hour days. (Artist credit: ESO/L Calcada)