Fraunhofer black silicon could catch more energy from infrared light, go green with sulfur

Fraunhofer black silicon could catch more energy from infrared light, go green with sulfur

Generating solar power from the infrared spectrum, or even nearby frequencies, has proven difficult in spite of a quarter of the Sun’s energy passing through those wavelengths. The Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications may have jumped that hurdle to efficiency through sulfur — one of the very materials that solar energy often helps eliminate. By irradiating ordinary silicon through femtosecond-level laser pulses within a sulfuric atmosphere, the technique melds sulfur with silicon and makes it easier for infrared light electrons to build into the frenzy needed for conducting electricity. The black-tinted silicon that results from the process is still in the early stages and needs improvements to automation and refinement to become a real product, but there’s every intention of making that happen: Fraunhofer plans a spinoff to market finished laser systems for solar cell builders who want their own black silicon. If all goes well, the darker shade of solar panels could lead to a brighter future for clean energy.

Filed under: ,

Fraunhofer black silicon could catch more energy from infrared light, go green with sulfur originally appeared on Engadget on Thu, 04 Oct 2012 05:32:00 EDT. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

Permalink Gizmag  |  sourceFraunhofer  | Email this | Comments

This Giant Cluster Simulates 300,000 Androids to Check They Play Nice [Android]

We’ve all been at a huge outdoor event which renders our phone useless, with no available bandwidth to make calls or check a map. That’s why Sandia Labs has built this giant cluster, to simulate large networks of phones and make sure they place nicely together. More »

Sandia Labs’ MegaDroid project simulates 300,000 Android phones to fight wireless catastrophes (video)

Sandia Labs' MegaDroid project simulates 300,000 Android phones to fight wireless catastrophes video

We’ve seen some large-scale simulations, including some that couldn’t get larger. Simulated cellular networks are still a rare breed, however, which makes Sandia National Laboratories’ MegaDroid project all the more important. The project’s cluster of off-the-shelf PCs emulates a town of 300,000 Android phones down to their cellular and GPS behavior, all with the aim of tracing the wider effects of natural disasters, hacking attempts and even simple software bugs. Researchers imagine the eventually public tool set being useful not just for app developers, but for the military and mesh network developers — the kind who’d need to know how their on-the-field networks are running even when local authorities try to shut them down. MegaDroid is still very much an in-progress effort, although Sandia Labs isn’t limiting its scope to Android and can see its work as relevant to iOS or any other platform where a ripple in the network can lead to a tidal wave of problems.

Continue reading Sandia Labs’ MegaDroid project simulates 300,000 Android phones to fight wireless catastrophes (video)

Filed under: , , , ,

Sandia Labs’ MegaDroid project simulates 300,000 Android phones to fight wireless catastrophes (video) originally appeared on Engadget on Wed, 03 Oct 2012 17:24:00 EDT. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

Permalink New York Times  |  sourceSandia National Laboratories  | Email this | Comments

comScore: Samsung Flat, Android Grows Stronger In U.S.; Apple Grew Most Leading Up To iPhone 5 Launch

muscle man

comScore today released its latest U.S. mobile market rankings, covering usage by 30,000 consumers over a three-month period ending August 2012 — that is, in the period just before the launch of Apple’s newest iPhone, and during the time when Samsung was slapped with a $1 billion+ fine over a patent suit brought against it by Apple. In that time, Samsung retained its position as the country’s most popular handset maker, covering both smartphones and feature devices, but its share actually remained flat, at 25.7% of all users, while Apple’s share grew the most and other top players declined. Google’s Android OS, meanwhile, solidified its position as the most dominant smartphone platform, now being used on nearly 53% of all smartphones.

Among all mobile handset makers (covering both smartphones and feature devices) Apple stood out in the period for growing the most, with a rise of 2.1% to take a 17.1% share of all mobile users. That narrowed that gap between it and number-two LG, which declined by 0.9% to 18.2%.  Motorola, equally, saw a decline of nearly 0.8% to bring it down to 11.2%. That’s largely in line with how both of these performed in the quarter before. HTC, however, appears to be seeing a mini-turnaround. It’s market share increased by 0.2 percentage points, and is now at 6.3%. As with the previous survey, it’s telling that the top-five are dominated by Android and Apple.

As for Samsung’s flatlining, it may be that this is more about how it’s doing in its feature phone business rather than its smartphone business. Figures out today from Localytics show that in fact July and August were pretty strong months for sales of Samsung smartphones — in particular its new flagship Galaxy S3. (September looks to be a different story.) Indeed, growing sales in smartphones coupled with slowing sales in feature phones is a trend we’ve seen in previous quarters, too.

Among smartphone platforms, Google is once again gaining some ground and is now well into accounting for more than half of all smartphone users in the U.S. However, as in the previous quarter Apple is still growing at a faster rate, with Google now at 52.6% of all smartphones, growing by 1.7 percentage points; and Apple at 34.3%, growing by 2.4 percentage points. And it’s all about consolidation: RIM, Microsoft and Symbian, which all have less than 10% market share, all continued to decline.

That’s in contrast to the international picture as painted by Kantar Worldpanel ComTech. The WPP-owned analysts chart smartphone purchases, and there it is noticing some gains being made by Windows Phone, particularly in Europe.

comScore also charts what people are using devices for, and while it looked like text messaging continues to be the most popular activity, with 75.6% of all users sending texts. The quarter before texting growth was flat; this time around it’s picked up a little steam once again, up by 0.8 percentage points. But it’s not growing as fast as app usage or using the mobile web, these both grew by more than 2 percentage points, with app downloading done by 53.4% of all users, and mobile web being used by 52%. Social networking, games and music rounded out the top 5.

What’s perhaps most notable about this list is that it covers both smartphone and feature phone owners. In other words, “advanced” services beyond basic voice and text are becoming mainstream and easy enough to access even on low-end devices that we are seeing an overall growth in a critical mass using them.

Photo Flickr


Infrared Technology Battles Back From the Dead With High Speed Wireless Transfers [Research]

The same infrared technology that allowed the world to change the channel without getting off the couch could vastly speed up wireless data transfers between devices. Somewhere deep in the halls of the Fraunhofer Institute infrared technology has been on life support all these years, and could soon fight its way back into the limelight with transfer speeds six times as fast as USB 2.0. More »

3Gbit InfraRed: This isn’t your parents’ TV clicker

InfraRed connections used to be commonplace on PDAs and other mobile devices, but fell from favor as WiFi and Bluetooth proliferated; now, researchers into high-speed optical data at Fraunhofer want to bring it back. Six times faster than USB 2.0, the “multi-gigabit communication module” requires line-of-sight but can offload HD video from a camcorder to a PC in seconds, the research team behind it claims.

The magic – which makes it 46x faster than WiFi and 1,430x faster than Bluetooth – is in the combination of signal processing and the IR optics themselves. Skipping transfer to radio signals, instead the Fraunhofer approach uses a laser diode and a photo detector that can fit into a transceiver roughly “the size of a child’s fingernail” for simultaneous high-speed transmission and reception.

The decoder, too, has been polished with special error-correction systems to counteract weakened or distorted light signals. Put your camcorder next to your laptop and it can achieve anything between 1 Gbps and 3 Gbps, with the next goal being 10 Gbps.

While IR may not seem particularly important these days, the Infrared Data Association would beg to differ, and Fraunhofer is working with the group to push the high-speed laser-IR as an alternative for traditional wired and wireless connections.


3Gbit InfraRed: This isn’t your parents’ TV clicker is written by Chris Davies & originally posted on SlashGear.
© 2005 – 2012, SlashGear. All right reserved.


See-Through Soil Reveals the Secret Lives of Roots [Research]

To help them better understand root growth in plants, researchers at James Hutton Institute and the University of Abertay Dundee have developed a transparent soil that makes studying what happens underground as easy as staring through a window. More »

Asteroid dust could be used to fight climate change on Earth

A group of scientists from Scotland have suggested a unique approach to fighting global warming here on earth. The scientists believe that the answer to global warming on Earth is a giant dust cloud blasted from an asteroid to act as a sunshade for Earth. According to the scientists, a project that reduced the amount of solar radiation the Earth receives by only 1.7% could offset the effects of the global increase in temperature of 3.6°F.

One of the researchers, named Russell Bewick from the University of Strathclyde in Scotland, says that a 1.7% reduction is very small would hardly be noticeable on earth. There are alternatives to using a giant cloud of dust blasted from an asteroid to shield the Earth. Another proposal would place giant mirrors in space, but this plan would be very expensive and require construction in outer space.

The scientists believe that the asteroid could gravitationally anchor a giant dust cloud in space to block sunlight and cool the earth. The scientist does specify that he doesn’t recommend geoengineering in place of simply reducing carbon emissions on earth. The theory suggests that the asteroid and its massive dust cloud would be placed at Lagrange point L1, which is about four times the distance from the Earth to the moon.

The plan would then use something called a “mass driver” consisting of electromagnets to hurl asteroid-derived material away from the asteroid and out into space. The scientists say the mass driver could serve as a rocket to push the asteroid to its orbital point as well as the engine to blast the shielding cloud off the asteroid. The researchers have also picked a potential candidate in a near Earth asteroid called 1036 Ganymed. The cloud needed to shield the Earth from the solar radiation would have to measure about 11 million-billion pounds in mass in be about 1600 miles wide.

[via LiveScience]


Asteroid dust could be used to fight climate change on Earth is written by Shane McGlaun & originally posted on SlashGear.
© 2005 – 2012, SlashGear. All right reserved.


Google: We believe in Post-PC too

Post-PC may be Apple’s favorite phrase of the moment, but that hasn’t stopped Google from embracing a world where smartphones and tablets are the devices we reach for first.  In fact, the PC comes in second for daily user interaction compared to other personal electronic devices, according to Google‘s Ian Carrington.  It musters 24-percent of our attention each day, where is the smartphone now grabs 38-percent.

The tablet, meanwhile –  Apple’s post-PC poster child –  grabs 9-percent of our attention each day, Carrington said at the Mobile Marketing Magazine Live event in London today.

It’s the mobility elements of smartphones and tablets that make them particularly compelling, Carrington suggested, Especially when you factor in a localized use. 40-percent of mobile searches, he said, are of “local intent” while half of all Google Maps usage is mobile.

What device that Google Maps use is occurring on is likely to change significantly over the coming months. Apple recently ousted Google Maps from iOS 6, as preloaded on the iPhone 5, and replaced it with its own Apple Maps app.  Part of Apple’s motivation for the decision – beyond further distancing itself from its Android rival  – is believed to be the allure of controlling all of the local-level usage data, increasingly valuable to advertisers.

Whether Google can capitalize on the post-PC attention without a preinstalled footprint on iOS remains to be seen, though the company is believed to be working on a version of Google Maps for iOS for release by the end of the year.

[via Ian Fogg]


Google: We believe in Post-PC too is written by Chris Davies & originally posted on SlashGear.
© 2005 – 2012, SlashGear. All right reserved.


New process for nanotube semiconductors could be graphene’s ticket to primetime (video)

New patented nanotube semiconductors could be graphene's ticket to primetime

In many ways, graphene is one of technology’s sickest jokes. The tantalizing promise of cheap to produce, efficient to run materials, that could turn the next page in gadget history has always remained frustratingly out of reach. Now, a new process for creating semiconductors grown on graphene could see the super material commercialized in the next five years. Developed at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, the patented process “bombs” graphene with gallium, which forms droplets, and naturally arranges itself to match graphene’s famous hexagonal pattern. Then, arsenic is added to the mix, which enters the droplets and crystallizes at the bottom, creating a stalk. After a few minutes of this process the droplets are raised by the desired height. The new process also does away with the need for a (relatively) thick substrate to grow the nanowire on, making it cheaper, more flexible and transparent. The inventors state that this could be used in flexible and efficient solar cells and light emitting diodes. We say forward the revolution.

Continue reading New process for nanotube semiconductors could be graphene’s ticket to primetime (video)

Filed under: ,

New process for nanotube semiconductors could be graphene’s ticket to primetime (video) originally appeared on Engadget on Sun, 30 Sep 2012 12:15:00 EDT. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

Permalink GizMag  |  sourceNTNU  | Email this | Comments