NASA Running Out of Nuclear Fuel

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In an interesting twist on the politics of nuclear weapons proliferation, NASA is running out of the fuel necessary to power its deep-space missions, according to the Associated Press. “The end of the Cold War’s nuclear weapons buildup means that the U.S. space agency does not have enough plutonium for future faraway space probes–except for a few missions already scheduled,” the report said, citing a new study released Thursday by the National Academy of Sciences.

The problem affects any space mission that extends further than Jupiter. Why Jupiter? Anything beyond that can’t use solar power because of the distance. So instead, NASA has been using Plutonium 238. That’s a substance that isn’t found in nature and has only been produced as part of nuclear weapons programs. The U.S. stopped producing it about 20 years ago, ran out, and has been sourcing it from Russia, which is also about to run out.

As a result, the Department of Energy–by law, the only U.S. agency that can make plutonium–has announced that it will restart its program, and requested $30 million in next year’s budget for preliminary design and engineering, according to the report. (Image credit: NASA/Cassini Mission)

Physicists: Star Trek Warp Drive Could Happen (Some Day)

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Okay, so we all know that warp drive isn’t possible, since nothing can go faster than the speed of light, right? It turns out that some physicists believe it may be feasible after all. According to Space.com, the idea is to find another method of propulsion besides a rocket, which could never propel something faster than the speed of light–the universe’s speed limit as set by Einstein’s general theory of relativity. (A few physicists theorize that this has already happened, just after the time of the Big Bang.)

“The idea is that you take a chunk of space-time and move it,” said Marc Millis, former head of NASA’s Breakthrough Propulsion Physics Project, in the article. “The vehicle inside that bubble thinks that it’s not moving at all. It’s the space-time that’s moving.” So how do you do that? Since any concentration of mass warps space-time around it–just very little, given real world, everyday objects–“some unique geometry of mass or exotic form of
energy can manipulate a bubble of space-time so that it moves faster than
light-speed, and carries any objects within it along for the ride.”

To accomplish this, scientists are already experimenting with rotating super-cold rings, parallel uncharged metal plates, and (in a purely theoretical sense) harnessing dark energy, that mysterious stuff that is supposedly out there but no one can find yet. So they’re on it–awesome. In the meantime, got your tickets for Star Trek yet?

Virgin Galactic Spaceship Caught on Video

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This was supposed to have been a secret. But due to the fact that “several recent published articles have been sufficiently inaccurate and negative,” Virgin Galactic and Scaled Composites together want to “set the record straight” by demonstrating that White Knight 2, the company’s current prototype spaceship, can actually fly, according to Wired.

As a result, there is now a two-minute video clip showing exactly that. The report said that White Knight 2 will debut with a fly-over during the groundbreaking for Virgin Galactic’s Spaceport America terminal. Then in July, Richard Branson will take the controls at the official unveiling at the AirVenture Oshkosh air show. Video after the jump.

Comet Dust Predates Solar System

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Search-and-retrieve space missions are high up on our list of cool
things, so check this out. Six years after a high-altitude NASA
research jet collected comet dust from the wake of Comet
26P/Grigg-Skjellerup, the effort has finally paid off: Scientists determined through isotopic analysis that the age of the comet dust predates the formation
of our solar system, according to Discovery.

“This was the equivalent of sampling a meteor shower. Nobody had
previously collected samples of a comet in that way,” said University
of Washington’s Donald Brownlee, who leads a science team analyzing
particles returned by another spacecraft (Stardust, which flew by Comet
Wild-2 in 2004), in the article. Could Mars be next? Here’s hoping

NASA Craft Reveals Huge Impact Crater on Mercury

NASA_MESSENGER_Mercury.jpgNASA’s MESSENGER space craft is beaming back pictures of the planet Mercury that reveal a side of the planet we’ve never seen before–including a huge impact crater and remnants of volcanic activity, according to Space.com.

The craft is the first to visit Mercury in more than 30 years, and is going a long way toward demonstrating that the diminutive planet isn’t as much like our own moon as we thought it was.

Among the craft’s findings are that Mercury’s crust was largely
created through volcanism, as past eruptions spewed lava which later dried, the report said. The impact crater, meanwhile, is more than 430 miles in diameter–roughly the distance from Boston to D.C., as the article points out–and was probably formed about 3.9 billion years ago in the early stages of our solar system.

Be on the Lookout for Loose Black Holes

Black_Holes_Science.jpgFollowing the news that scientists have developed a black hole simulator video comes word that astronomers now suspect hundreds of of these things are roaming loose in our very own Milky Way, according to Science.

That doesn’t mean we have to hide under our desks or anything. But the report said that these black holes are likely orphaned from smaller galaxies that
the Milky Way has swallowed over its billions of years of existence, adding that the discovery of one could tell us things about the evolution of our galaxy.

The science behind it is a bit much for my layman’s eyes, but computer simulations have revealed that in a collision between a large galaxy and a smaller one, the gravitational interaction could sometimes “kick the smaller black hole out of the smaller galaxy’s center,” but still remain within the confines of the larger galaxy. All of these gulping black holes and huge explosions in space are fun to read about as long as they stay far, far away, as far as I am concerned.

Orbiting Observatory Spots Oldest Star Explosion Ever

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NASA’s Swift Observatory detected a gamma-ray burst from a supernova last Thursday, one that astronomers have now confirmed is more than 13 billion years old, according to Scientific American.

Scientists first knew that the burst, called GRB 090423 (the date it was first detected), was unusual when it wasn’t being picked up by any optical telescopes. Like many gamma-ray bursts, this one was short lived, lasting just seconds, according to the report. The burst’s age puts it just 600 million years after the birth of the universe.

“Swift was designed to catch these very distant bursts,” NASA’s Swift lead
scientist Neil Gehrels, of the Goddard Space Flight Center in
Greenbelt, Md., said in a statement. “The incredible distance to this
burst exceeded our greatest expectations–it was a true blast from the
past.”

NASA Road-Tests (Ocean-Tests?) New Moonship

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For the
first time since the Apollo era of the 1960s, NASA is testing a new moonship “in the
turbulent waves of the open ocean,” according to Space.com. The agency is testing a life-sized mock-up of its Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle in the Atlantic Ocean off the eastern coast of
central Florida, in an attempt to see how it does with a water-landing.

“During the
tests, teams of divers and engineers are practicing recovery
techniques
to retrieve an Orion capsule after splashdown, as well as
testing how the spacecraft performs in open water,” the report said. “The sea trials are the first
in which recovery teams attempted to attach a flotation collar around the Orion
craft while it bobbed up in down with the ocean waves.”

The Orion
crew capsule is NASA’s
planned replacement
for its three aging space shuttles, which are due to
retire at the end of next year, according to the report. The capsules can carry six astronauts to the ISS, or four astronauts to the moon and back. Each capsule is about 15 feet wide and weighs 18,000 pounds–about six Honda Accords, essentially.

One Way to Describe Black Holes: Dark Gulping

NASA_Hubble_Black_Hole_M64.jpgBlack holes are still one of the thorniest problems in physics–ultra-cool computer simulations and Stephen Hawking‘s life work notwithstanding. Scientists still don’t know how dark holes began or grew so massive, for example. But a new computer model is suggesting that ‘dark gulping’ is one possible answer, Space.com reports–an answer that involves invisible dark matter, that elusive material astronomers know exists because they can detect its gravitational effects on galaxies.

The theory goes like this: a large cloud of dark matter could interact with gas to create a dense central mass, the report said. This mass could be unstable, so a small disturbance could make the whole thing collapse quickly, “gulping itself down” to make a black hole. At the beginning, it would be invisible. But eventually, as it ate other matter and gas, and it all swirls around and becomes superheated and luminous, it becomes visible, according to the article.

“It’s a viable, possible scenario,” Kinwah Wu, an astrophysicist at University College
London’s Mullard Space Science Laboratory, who built the model with another colleague, said in the article.
“The model works, but it doesn’t mean that nature behaves like that. We need more observational proof or disproof of this.” (Image credit: NASA and The Hubble Heritage Team (AURA/STScI))

Scientist: Static Cling Makes Lunar Dust a Huge Problem

NASA_Astronaut.jpgStatic cling makes lunar dust stick to the instruments astronauts use to conduct experiments on the moon, according to a new survey of 40-year-old Apollo mission data. Brian O’Brien, a now-independent researcher in Floreat, Western Australia, and a former professor of space science at Rice University in Houston, determined that the angle of the sun in the lunar sky modulates the “clinginess” of lunar dust, Scientific American reports.

Since the moon has little atmosphere, solar radiation hits the lunar surface and gives it a clingy electrostatic charge, the report said. If O’Brien’s theory proves correct, this will be a larger problem for future manned missions than it was back in the Apollo days, when astronauts undertook them in the “morning” (roughly equivalent to a month here on earth, according to the article). The solution? You guessed it: a shed. “A sun-proof shed may provide dust-free working environments on the moon,” O’Brien said.