Hasta La Gadget!

In October, NASA discovered the universe was sliding inexplicably toward, well, something massive. They called the phenomenon “dark flow,” and it’s but one example of the creepy, unexplained awesomeness that awaits humanity in space.

Dark Flow. Or, The Universe’s Great Cosmic Tease
Like some kind of massive cosmic toilet bowl, the multitude of galaxies that populate the known Universe are swirling inexplicably toward a tiny 20-degree plane of deep space. At least, that’s what astrophysicist Alexander Kashlinsky discovered in an incredibly controversial paper published in October 2008. Put simply for we laypeople, the paper suggests that way out in the cosmos—beyond Tatooine and idiotic Ewoks and Caprica Six’s curves—lay a chunk of matter so beyond our understanding that it is actually pulling the observable universe toward it at 600km/s.

But in that term “observable universe” lies the rub. We can’t (and never will) “see” what this mass of theorized matter looks like. Which is too bad, because the dark flow theory hints that this mass, or super structure, could be anything from another universe to a realm of whimsical fancy whose physics, forces and warped space-time are completely beyond any of us. Unicorns, flying cars, cats and dogs living in harmony, you name it and it could be true, as we’ll never, ever make it there to find out first hand.

And even though this whole “observable universe” buzz kill means one of the greatest discoveries ever will never be observed by humanity’s naked eye, it doesn’t mean scientists are deterred from theorizing the hell out of what lies just beyond the cosmic horizon. Indeed, Kashlinsky intends to continue to research the phenomenon using data from the five-year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) project. Launched in June 2001, WMAP has been a “stunningly successful” program, responsible for producing a new Standard Model of Cosmology, says NASA. (Ed. Note: WMAP’s top ten discoveries are on display over at NASA –j.l.)

The WOW! Signal. Or, Holy Crap, Alien Avon Calling!
Before Jodie Foster implored humanity to send poets to document the denizens of Vega, there was a real-life signal from the heavens that has, to date, remained one of the most compelling pieces of evidence that we are not alone.

Called the WOW! signal, this 72-second beacon was detected by Dr. Jerry R. Ehman on August 15, 1977. Because the unknown signal fit the parameters of what an artificial space signal might sound like so exactly, the awestruck Ehman jotted down “Wow!” when he first heard it. I’d also like to think he cartoonishly fell back in his chair and spit coffee out all over the terminal when it happened too, but that’s just me.

One of the biggest pieces of evidence supporting the theory that Wow! was extraterrestrial in origin—and not some random signal from Earth that bounced off a satellite—was the 72-second duration. As was the case in Contact, with its 18 hours of recorded static, more can be read in the length of the transmission than within the signal itself. In fact, in a paper published on the 20th anniversary of WOW!, Ehman explored additional theories and speculation regarding signal length:

There is still another factor to consider. The signal could actually have been present for years (or millennia, for that matter) prior to its detection for the following reason. Just before the data acquisition and analysis (i.e., the “run”) began, the declination of the telescope was changed. In the days (and years) previous to August 15, 1977 the radio telescope was not pointed at the declination where Wow! was seen; thus, we couldn’t have detected that signal. I should note that during the Ohio Sky Survey many years earlier, we did survey the same declination we did when the Wow! signal was discovered. However, we were using a wideband receiver (8 MHz bandwidth). A narrowband signal averaged over a wide bandwidth would be reduced in intensity so much that it would have been buried in the noise. Thus, even if Wow! were present then, we wouldn’t have seen it.”

So, was it aliens? If we get off this rock and jet off into the stars, will we one day find the source of this mysterious signal? Who knows, as subsequent attempts made over the past 20 years to locate the Wow! signal, or another one like it, have failed. Even when more powerful systems were implemented, like the Hollywood-friendly Very Large Array in New Mexico, the results were all the same: Utter silence.

If you’ll yourself a bit of wishful thinking, however, the idea that this was some kind of powerful last-ditch burst of radiation from a dying alien race is not implausible. As detailed by author and astronomer David Darling, the Wow! signal could have been generated by an alien civilization with access to a transmitting dish like our Arecibo radio telescope. They’d also need a 2.2-gigawatt transmitter—extremely powerful, but plausible for humans (and definitely plausible if your race is, say, facing extinction).

NASA’s Mystery BOOM! Or Something In Space Is Screaming
Contrary to what the original Alien movie poster might have lead you to believe, somewhere in the universe, something is screaming—and we can “hear” it.

In the words of Alan Kogut from the Goddard Space Center, “The universe really threw us a curve. Instead of the faint signal we hoped to find, here was this booming ‘noise’ six times louder than anyone had predicted.”

Of course, there is no sound in space. What NASA’s ARCADE system received was actually deafening cosmic radio background, and the source is completely unknown at this time. Normally radio telescopes pick up electromagnetic chatter in the 10 MHz and 100 GHz, coming from what are known as “radio galaxies.” But according to our existing models and theories, the signal shouldn’t exist, as there are “not enough radio galaxies to account for the signal.”

As detailed by Jesus when this story initially broke earlier this year, NASA said that to create this signal, “you’d have to pack [radio galaxies] into the universe like sardines. There wouldn’t be any space left between one galaxy and the next.” That’s obviously not the case.

The discovery, while amazing, also carries with it a substantial negative. Remember all that cool stuff about dark flow and the edge of the universe from earlier? Well, the BOOM complicates our efforts to detect it more accurately.

Hubble Spies UFO. Or… Yeah, This One Really Was a Legitimate UFO
Stories like these confirm to me that we need to keep Hubble and similar programs going as long as humanly possible.

On February 21, 2006 (the paper was only published recently), the venerable space telescope spied a UFO in an area of space where there should have been nothing at all.

Stranger still, the object disappeared almost as mysteriously as it arrived, about 100 days after the initial observation. It got very bright over time, to the 21st magnitude, then faded just as fast. Kind of like an explosion… Not much else is known about the celestial phenomenon, and it hasn’t reappeared since 2006.

The one other certainty? It wasn’t dust, so there go all your jokes.

The Sloan Great Wall: There Is Nothing Bigger

Until we figure out what that huge thing tugging on the pant leg of the universe is, the freakishly huge Sloan Great Wall is the largest structure known to mankind.

It is a behemoth wall of galaxies, otherwise known as a galactic filament, that stretches 1.37 billion light years from end to end. The filament was discovered only recently, on October 20, 2003, by the Princeton University duo J. Richard Gott III and Mario Jurić. Its immense, unimaginable bulk lies an equally unimaginable one billion light years from Earth.

It’s kind of hard to wrap your mind around such distance, so we’ll take things down an exponential notch or two and compare the Great Sloan Wall to something we might eventually (fingers crossed) map out in a few thousand years: The Milky Way.

Our galaxy is actually considered large in the scheme of things. Various estimates say it’s about 100,000 light-years from end-to-end, and about 1,000 light-years thick in the center (where there lay a massive black hole). So, 1.37 billion versus 100,000. I’d say it’s like David and Goliath, but that’d be woefully inaccurate. This Goliath would be incapable of even knowing about our insignificant little existence. Our “large” galaxy is more like a cell in the human body in this case—dutifully performing its mundane, insignificant work while the host moves obliviously on through eternity.

To Boldly Go Where No One Has Gone Before. Or, My Closing.
Now, admittedly, these interstellar objects and phenomena are a bit beyond both our reach and our comprehension, and I highly doubt we’ll ever encounter any of them firsthand on our wild journey Off This Rock anytime soon. But you’ll never hear me say “never” when it comes to space travel, even if you just did. This list, if anything, is a heads-up for us all as we (or our robots) journey into deep space.

Watch your ass out in the ether, people, because it’s a frakking freak show up there.

Search-and-retrieve space missions are high up on our list of cool
things, so check this out. Six years after a high-altitude NASA
research jet collected comet dust from the wake of Comet
26P/Grigg-Skjellerup, the effort has finally paid off: Scientists determined through isotopic analysis that the age of the comet dust predates the formation
of our solar system, according to Discovery.

“This was the equivalent of sampling a meteor shower. Nobody had
previously collected samples of a comet in that way,” said University
of Washington’s Donald Brownlee, who leads a science team analyzing
particles returned by another spacecraft (Stardust, which flew by Comet
Wild-2 in 2004), in the article. Could Mars be next? Here’s hoping. 

Leroy Chiao has flown on the Space Shuttle three times, spent six months commanding the ISS, and logged over 36 hours walking in space. This week he’s blogging for Giz. We’re excited.

Like most kids in 1969, Leroy sat enthralled in his Danville, California living room in front of a black-and-white television, watching Neil Armstrong walk on the moon. He was eight years old, the perfect age to decide that he would one day be an astronaut.

So how did it actually happen? Well, Chiao’s high-level degrees in chemical engineering, experience developing advanced aerospace materials, job at the Lawrence Livermore laboratory in California, and over 2500 hours as an instrument-rated pilot certainly made for a convincing astronaut CV. But in the end, it all comes down to a standard application for federal employment, which Chiao got a hold of in 1989. It’s the same one used by every federal employee, from the IRS on up.

On the blank line for “Job Applying For,” he wrote “Astronaut.”

And 7 months later in the summer of 1990, he was accepted with 22 others into the 13th class of US astronauts. After training, two years later he was assigned to STS-65 on the shuttle Columbia, which took off in July of 1994. Since then, Chiao flew on two more shuttle missions (STS-72 and STS-92) and commanded Expedition 10 on the International Space Station, spending more than half a year in orbit.

So what does being one of just a few dozen people who have spent such a long time in space feel like? What does it to do your life? That’s what we aim to find out.

“There are only around 400 people worldwide [who have been in space], and even fewer for long durations,” Chiao told me. “Six and a half months is a lot of time to reflect, think about life and what’s important. The best thing you can do is just look at the Earth—it’s beautiful, and every part is different, beautiful in its own way, and yet the same. It’s pretty profound, as you would imagine. It gives you a much bigger view on life—small things that used to bother me seem so insignificant.”

But in addition to attempting to articulate the massive hugeness of all that, Leroy’s going to be blogging mostly about the small stuff—the daily tasks like brushing your teeth, taking a leak, and yes, reporting to work in the cold vacuum of space.

“You can’t simulate life in microgravity,” he says, “so when you get up there, the first interesting thing is seeing what life is like, familiarizing yourself with things like cutting your fingernails, brushing your teeth. How do you do that?”

Those are the questions Chiao’s going to be answering this week, helping us lowly earth-anchored souls attempt to wrap our gravity-addled brains around what life must be like in space. I can’t wait.

Stay tuned for Gizmodo’s Astroblogger column with Leroy Chiao

It’s been awhile since we’ve heard of any major advancements in the world of quantum cryptography, but at long last the silence is being broken by a squad of jubilant Austrian physicists. As the story goes, a team from Austria’s Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI) managed to send “entangled photons” 90 miles between the Spanish islands of Las Palmas and the Balearics. Calling the ephemeral test successful, the crew has boldly asserted that it’s now feasible to send “this kind of unbreakable encrypted communication through space using satellites.” Funny — last we remember, quantum cryptography still had a few kinks to work through here beneath the stratosphere.

Filed under: Science

Quantum cryptography: now ready for space travel originally appeared on Engadget on Mon, 04 May 2009 07:37:00 EST. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

Read | Permalink | Email this | Comments

NASA’s MESSENGER space craft is beaming back pictures of the planet Mercury that reveal a side of the planet we’ve never seen before–including a huge impact crater and remnants of volcanic activity, according to Space.com.

The craft is the first to visit Mercury in more than 30 years, and is going a long way toward demonstrating that the diminutive planet isn’t as much like our own moon as we thought it was.

Among the craft’s findings are that Mercury’s crust was largely
created through volcanism, as past eruptions spewed lava which later dried, the report said. The impact crater, meanwhile, is more than 430 miles in diameter–roughly the distance from Boston to D.C., as the article points out–and was probably formed about 3.9 billion years ago in the early stages of our solar system.